Aim and Objective:To investigate age, sex based on gonial angle, width and breadth of the ramus of the mandible by digital orthopantomograph.Materials and Methods:A total of 200 panoramic radiographic images were selected. The age of the individuals ranged between 4 and 75 years of both the gender - males (113) and females (87) and selected radiographic images were measured using KLONK image measurement software tool with linear, angular measurement. The investigated radiographs were collected from the records of SRM Dental College, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology. Radiographs with any pathology, facial deformities, if no observation of mental foramen, congenital deformities, magnification, and distortion were excluded.Results:Mean, median, standard deviation, derived to check the first and third quartile, linear regression is used to check age and gender correlation with angle of mandible, height and width of the ramus of mandible.Conclusion:The radiographic method is a simpler and cost-effective method of age identification compared with histological and biochemical methods. Mandible is strongest facial bone after the skull, pelvic bone. It is validatory to predict age and gender by many previous studies. Radiographic and tomographic images have become an essential aid for human identification in forensic dentistry forensic dentists can choose the most appropriate one since the validity of age and gender estimation crucially depends on the method used and its proper application.

No abstract

This paper studies the link between self-image and behavior among those who face stigma due to poverty and social exclusion. Using a randomized eld experiment with sex workers in Kolkata (India), we examine whether a psychological intervention aimed at mitigating the adverse e ects of internalized stigma can induce behavior change. We nd signi cant improvements in participants' self-image, as well as their savings and preventive health choices. Additionally, changes in savings and health behavior persist up to fteen and months later respectively. Our ndings highlight the potential of purely psychological interventions to improve the life choices and outcomes of marginalized groups.