Alkylation of phenol was carried out with tert-butyl alcohol
(TBA) producing p-tert-butyl phenol over a variety of zeolite
catalysts, namely, zeolite Beta, 13X zeolite, Ce-exchanged 13X
zeolite, and zeolite prepared from fly ash. Zeolite Beta showed
the highest activity for the reaction under otherwise identical
conditions. The activity of 13X zeolite was found to increase
with an increase in cerium content in the catalyst, which was
accomplished through ion exchange. The activity of zeolite
(obtained from fly ash by hydrothermal treatment) in catalyzing
the reaction was tested with highly encouraging results. The
effects of various parameters such as reaction temperature,
reactant ratio (mole ratio of phenol to that of tert-butyl alcohol),
and catalyst loading on the rate of reaction were also studied.
The alkylation reaction was found to be surface-reaction
controlled with negligible interparticle mass-transfer resistance.
An efficient and metal‐free methodology for the oxidation of benzyl halides to benzoic acids using an inexpensive and green oxidant (TBHP) in aqueous basic medium has been developed. This protocol offers an excellent way to avoid adding catalysts and involves the use of an in‐situ generated halide ion as catalyst. It is also the first report on the oxidation of benzyl iodides to benzoic acids. A series of carboxylic acids were prepared from benzyl halides in high yields under mild reaction conditions by this method which does not require chromatographic purification. Gram scale reactions for the synthesis of the carboxylic acids in good yields have been successfully carried out using benzyl chloride, bromide and iodide. As an industrial application, the synthesis of a key monomer used for the synthesis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), i. e., terephthalic acid (PTA), has also been accomplished in good yields.
Suzuki Miyayura Coupling (SMC) represents a very efficacious method for constructing C-C bonds in organic synthesis. The ligand-free variants of SMC have been grabbing attention these days. Despite this momentousness,...
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