The increasing data demand in recent years has resulted in a considerable rise in heterogeneous cellular network energy usage. Advances in heterogeneous cellular networks with renewable energy supplied from base stations offer the cellular communications sector interesting options. Rising energy consumption, fuelled by huge growth in user count as well as usage of data, has emerged as the most pressing challenge for operators in fulfilling cost-cutting and environmental-impact objectives. The use of minimum power relay stations or base stations in conventional microcells is intended to lower cellular network's total energy usage. We examine the reasons, difficulties, and techniques for addressing the energy cost reduction issue for such renewable heterogeneous networks in this paper. Because of the variety of renewable energy as well as mobile traffic, then the issue related to a reduction in energy cost necessitates both spatial and temporal resource allotment optimization. In this paper, we proposed a new technique for reducing the energy consumption cost using the optimal time constraint algorithmic approach. We demonstrate that the proposed method has time as well as space complexity. Experimental simulations on actual databases with synthetic costs are used to confirm the usefulness and efficacy of our method.
Landslides have the potential to cause significant property damage as well as fatalities. Landslides are identified by real-time heuristic data analysis acquired using wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in changing environments. People can abandon dangerous locations earlier when landslides are forecasted. In this paper, the early warning prediction system developed using machine learning; Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) provide precise predictions. The weight coefficients of ANN can be adjusted exactly enough by network functional training. In the case of unbalanced data distribution, the proposed ANN model is unable to learn the sample data pattern. This results in incorrect prediction and therefore, a switching method is utilized to switch between alternative predictors based on the current environmental state. Furthermore, the proposed model has been developed to forecast and compensate for errors during the prediction phase. Thus, the proposed model can enhance precise prediction, and an early warning prediction system of landslides can issue warnings 44.2 minutes before a landslide occurrence.
In recent years, the diverse application in various disciplines and the versatility has gained a huge interest for the researchers to research on the multi-sensor data fusion technology. The remote sensing process involves the measurement and recording of the data from a scene. Thus, the remote sensing systems are known to be a powerful tool as they help in the earth's atmosphere and surface monitor at different scales. The remote sensing of the data faces a serious challenge as the data captured by the multiple sensors are heterogeneous. This affects the efficient processing and the effectiveness of the data that is being sensed. Thus, the increase in the diversity in data increases the ancillary datasets. These multimodal datasets are used jointly to improve the processing performance as per the application requirement. Initially, the fusion of the temporal data with the backscattered/temporal data is possible from the data retrieved from remote sensing. Many researchers made several types of research on fusing the multi-temporal and multimodal data and gave different ideas for a different type of researchers. This paper presents the cross-validation technique for monitoring the yield. This monitoring system is developed by fusing the multi-sensor data and the temporal images. This fusion is performed, and the performance of the yield monitoring system is analyzed from the results obtained. By using the cross-validation technique, the efficiency of the system is found to be improved.
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