Renewable energy technologies are a growing subject of concern these days. Wind energy is one among the renewable energy sources which has been implemented in a large scale for energy production. A large amount of capital has been invested in this field to harness energy and power homes. Wind energy from highways is usually unused and can provide a considerable amount of wind energy to drive a turbine due to high vehicle traffic and the speed of the vehicles. Extensive research on wind patterns is required to determine the average velocity of the wind created by oncoming vehicles. The objective of this work is to design and analyze a horizontal axis wind turbine to capture wind energy from moving vehicles on the highway. A computational fluid dynamics approach is used to solve this problem. The major innovation in this paper is that wind energy is being harvested in a very unique manner and also turbine power calculations have been done to quantify the amount of energy being harvested. Although a few of the literatures have discussed similar ideas power quantification has never been done. Also the entire mechanism has been simulated in MATLAB to find out the number of cars required to charge a battery which is very unique to this paper. Power calculations have been done for the turbine and validated against theoretical calculations which were done using the concept of velocity triangles. The idea is to have a separate mounting for cars and heavy vehicles which can be realized by having separate lanes on highways. The analysis will be done for vehicles moving in a range of speeds on the highway. The wind turbines will be placed on overhead shafts (the height of which is be determined suitably) thereby capturing the wind generated as a result of pressure difference. The mounts can also be used as signboards for vehicles moving on the highway and hence serve a dual purpose. In addition, extensive structural and fatigue analysis will be done for the turbines and the mounting structures in order to determine a suitable material for the turbine as well as the mounts to withstand the forces generated. Using all of the collected energy, existing amenities such as street lights on the medians can be powered by these wind turbines. Thus the main objective of this work is to complement the conventional electrical energy used for powering amenities along highways by a renewable source of energy (wind power) thereby leading to the concept of sustainable highways.
Fossil fuels have been a means of energy source since a long time, and have tended to the needs of the large global population. These conventional sources are bound to deplete in the near future and hence there is a need for producing energy from renewable energy sources like solar, wind, geothermal, tidal etc. Technologies involving renewable energy are a growing subject of concern. Further, the problem is also one of excessive pollution caused by conventional sources of energy and their impact on the environment. In particular, one of the main sources of pollution is harmful gases emitting out of automobiles. Wind energy is one among the renewable energy sources which is implemented in large scale energy production to supplement growing domestic energy needs. Significant amount of research has been done in this field to harness energy to power household and other amenities using wind farms. The aim of this project is to come up with a low cost solution for wind energy harvesting on moving vehicles. The purpose of this study is to consider the use of wind energy along with conventional energy sources to power automobiles. This would help reduce the use of fossil fuels in automobiles and hence reduce the resulting environmental pollution. Also since the turbine adds to the weight of the vehicle the aim also is to minimize the weight of the turbine. Extensive structural analysis is done for this purpose to choose a material which would be both light weight and also be able to withstand the stresses developed. In the current paper the drag force produced in automobiles is harvested by using a convergent divergent nozzle mounted below the chassis of the car. Initially drag analysis is done in order to determine the increase in drag force produced after mounting of the nozzle. It is found from existing literature that the drag increases by 3.4% after the mounting of the nozzle making it possible the mounting of a nozzle beneath the car. Additionally exhaust gases is also allowed to pass through the same duct to increase the mass flow to the turbine and thus generate more energy. This is made to strike the blades of a 2 stage axial flow turbine whose rotation generates energy. The power output from the turbine is the parameter of interest. This energy can also be stored in batteries and be used to run auxiliary equipment of the automobile including the air conditioner. The exhaust gases will be passed through a catalytic converter before striking the blades of the turbine in order to prevent corrosion of the blades. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used to validate the concept and also come up with a design that maximizes energy generation by such turbines. Numerical results obtained by simulation are validated by theoretical calculation based on turbines inlet and outlet velocity triangles. The future scope of the project would include the use of multiple nozzles in order to study its performance.
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