Metal-free supercapacitors were designed and fabricated using a 3D printing process. An attempt was made to use carbon conductive paint to create both current collector and electrode. Two 3D printing techniques were combined and used to manufacture the electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs). The electrode material made from carbon conductive paint and distilled water showed a good electrical performance. The manufacturing process for the EDLCs has been explained in detail and the process showed a good reproducibility. Different thicknesses of electrode were tested and characterized. The results showed that both the mass of the electrode material and the capacitance of the supercapacitor increased as the thickness of the active layer increased. The thickness of the electrode increased 4 times from 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm, the mass of the electrode material increased nearly 3 times from 0.514 g to 1.498 g, which resulted in the increase of capacitance from 0.133 F to 0.295 F.
Fibre supercapacitors were designed and manufactured using a dip coating method. Their electrochemical properties were characterised using a VersaSTAT 3 workstation. Chinese ink with a fine dispersion of carbon and binder was coated as the electrode material. The specific capacitance per unit length of a copper fibre supercapacitor with the length of 41 cm reached 34.5 mF/cm. When this fibre supercapacitor was bent on rods with a diameter of 10.5 cm, the specific capacitance per length was 93% of the original value (without bending). It proved that these fibre supercapacitors have a good flexibility and energy storage capacity.
Abstract-3D printing has been widely applied in the development of prototypes. The main advantage of this process is that the objects or products can be viewed in three dimensions on a computer display and a 3D sample can be created before committing to a large production run. There are various 3D printing technologies that are capable of manufacturing metal, ceramic, plastic substrate and paste objects. Recently several research groups have focused on the fabrication freedom of 3D printing for different purposes including freeform manufacturing of electrochemical devices but this use is still limited. This paper describes a manufacturing process for electrochemical supercapacitors using the combination of the two techniques of 3D printing which are Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) and a Paste Extrusion system. The method relies on creating a frame for the energy storage device, i.e. supercapacitor, by the FDM 3D printer and then depositing the conductive layers and electrodes of the supercapacitor using Paste Extrusion system. A 3D supercapacitor has been made and evaluated in this study.
A fused deposition modeling (FDM) printingmachine and a paste extrusion system were integrated, andsupercapacitor samples were fabricated using a combination of twothree-dimensional (3D) printing techniques. The FDM provided asimple method for creating a frame of electric double layer capacitor(EDLC) samples. The paste extrusion system offered the possibilityof depositing different materials to complete the functions of theEDLC samples. A combination of these two 3D printing methodsoffered one continuous manufacturing process with a high accuracyof manufacturing. Different materials were used to build currentcollectors and electrodes. Silver and carbon conductive paints wereused as current collector materials. Different electrode materialsbased on activated carbon (AC), carbon conductive paint, and theircombination were prepared as three different slurries and depositedto form the electrodes of EDLC samples. The results showed thatsilver conductive paint was a suitable material for constructingcurrent collectors, and carbon conductive paint mixed with AC washighly effective for use as an electrode material for supercapacitors.
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