Muslim gay and bisexual men have been facing various challenges when living in a homophobic and heterosexist society in Indonesia. However, the study of strategies they utilised to manage those homophobic attitudes, such as discrimination, prejudice, and stigma, of their sexual minority status is limited. Therefore, drawing on minority stress theory, this study explores the life experiences of Muslim gay or bisexual men in Indonesia, by focusing on the problems they faced and the strategies they used to address those issues. All participants aged between 20 and 27 years old, have self-identified as gay or bisexual men, Muslims or ex-Muslims, and have been living in Indonesia. The primary data collection was a semi-structured qualitative interview. The data were recorded and transcribed verbatim according to the research questions from a snowball sample of seven participants. The data were then analysed using thematic analysis. The study revealed that all the participants experienced sexual and religious related problems because of living in a homophobic society. These obstacles came in many forms, such as rejection, feelings of isolation and loneliness, and concerns. However, they employed strategies to solve problems, such as self-acceptance, self-control, positive reinterpretation, seeking social support, concealing, conversion, and migration. This study recommends those who support sexual minorities to help and support them in various ways, such as providing psychological services and counsellings.
Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor pontesial yang berkontribusi terhadap radikalisme pada seseorang serta menginvestigasi upaya pemerintah dalam mengatasi masalah-masalah radikalisme dan terorisme di Indonesia, khususnya pada aparatur sipil negara (ASN). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan pendekatan studi pustaka. Dalam hal ini, penulis harus mengumpulkan berbagai literatur terkait topik penelitian. Sumber-sumber bacaan tersebut selanjutnya diklasifikan sebagai data penelitian untuk selanjutnya dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan sebuah teknik dari Miles dan Huberman. Pertanyaan penelitian dalam artikel ini meliputi: Apa saja faktor-faktor potensial yang membuat seorang ASN menjadi seorang radikal? Bagaimana upaya pemerintah menangani radikalisme dan terorisme di Indonesia? Apa saja rekomendasi bagi pemerintah untuk menangani masalah-masalah tersebut? Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa belum ada penelitian spesifik dan mendetail mengenai motif para ASN memilih paham radikal atau bergabung dengan kelompok-kelompok radikal. Namun, penulis percaya bahwa motif mereka adalah politik dan doktrin agama. Selain itu, pemerintah sejauh ini telah berupaya mengatasi masalah radikalisme dan terorisme di Indonesia, salah satunya, melalui mengesahkan peraturan-peraturan. Penelitian ini menawarkan beberapa rekomendasi bagi pemerintah untuk menangani masalah radikalisme. Pertama, pengawasan pertemuan-pertemuan keagamaan di lingkungan pemerintahan pada saat jam kerja. Kedua, penetapan definisi bagi istilah-istilah terkait radikalisme, seperti radikalisme, radikalis, tindakan radikal, opini radikal, dan lain-lain. Ketiga, peraturan-peraturan terkait radikalisme harus dideskripsikan secara lebih spesifik. Keempat, pengoptimalan strategi untuk kontra narasi anti-radikalisme.
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