The aim of this work was to compare the variations of alcohols compounds in white wine Muscat Ottonel variety aged in the presence of untoasted oak chips, toasted oak chips and untoasted barrel, considering three ageing periods—30, 60, and 90 days. The liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry were used to compare the concentrations of the volatile constituents of Muscat Ottonel wines. A total of 51 volatile compounds were quantified. Alcohols, terpenic and carboxylic acids decreased with ageing time, whereas esters, lactones, and phenolic compounds increased due esterification processes. The chips toast level, method, and duration of ageing, significantly influenced the content of aromatic compounds. Partial least squares regression (PLS-R) clearly discriminated the initial wine and also the wines aged with toasted and untoasted medium. The compounds (alcohols and terpenes) that impart distinctive aroma of Muscat Ottonel were enhanced by untoasted medium. Light toasted oak chips enhanced wood volatile components (acetovanillone and p-vinyl guaiacol). This study provides important scientific results on the ageing of Muscat Ottonel wines with practical economic benefits to winemakers. Alternative less expensive ageing methods and improved control on the wood components extraction process, may contribute to obtaining high-quality wines.

The influence of the addition of oak chips and barrel ageing on basic wine parameters and volatile compounds of Chardonnay wines has been studied. Chardonnay wines were obtained by the traditional wine-making process. Oak chips (4 g/L—non-toasted and light toasted) were added at the final stage of the winemaking process for ageing 1, 2 and 3 months, respectively. Also, the control wine was aged in non-toasted barrels for the same period of time. Following Liquid-liquid extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, alcohols, esters, fatty acids, lactones, and phenolic compounds were identified and quantified. The light toasted wine was clearly separated by phenolic compounds (vanillin, p-vinyl guaiacol and acetovanillone). The floral aroma supplied by 2-phenylethanol was slowly increased by ageing with odor activity values (OAV) higher in aged samples than control wine (1.07). The vanilla scent could be easily perceived in all aged samples, mainly for light toasted chip-treated samples with OAV values between 2.30 and 2.37. After 3 months, the volatile compounds of wine from non-toasted medium (chips and barrels) were almost similar from the volatile profile point of view. This could have economic and vinification management implications since oak barrels are expensive and the wine oak barrel aging is a long process. All wines studied in this research can provide a viable alternative to young varietal wines.

ABSTRACT. Four varietal wines Fetească Neagră, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot Noir from Romania were submitted to a liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 29 volatile compounds were identified and quantified over two periods of ageing. Wines were differentiated by a number of compounds, such as esters, higher alcohols, and lactones. During wine ageing, all chemicals changed in the volatile composition. Most of alcohols and acids (hexanoic and octanoic acids) increased during ageing, while the esters, except ethyl lactate and diethyl succinate, were found in lower concentrations as ageing time increased. Considering all the volatile compounds detected, esters and higher alcohols are the main contributors for Romanian red wines.

The long-term use of copper in viticulture has caused great copper accumulation in vineyard soils, resulting in negative effects on the environment through toxicity to aquatic and soil organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the copper content in vineyard soils, grapes and wines from Dealu Bujorului, Murfatlar, Tarnave, Iasi and Ştefăneşti vineyards. The ICP-MS method was used for copper determination in vineyard soil, grape must and wine. Copper concentration in red wine samples was significantly higher than in the white wine samples. Values for Transfer Factor and Mobility Ratio indicates that Vitis vinifera L. does not allow the accumulation of copper from vineyard soil in must grape and wine. The copper concentration in grapes, must and wine has been influenced by the copper concentration in soils, by copper fungicide used to protect the vine and by other factors such as the biological specificity of cultivars during growth.

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