Background: Selenium (Se) plays an important role in numerous immunological functions of human health. It has been shown that maternal Se deficiency contributes to many pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), miscarriage, and even fetal growth restriction. Due to the evidence of importance of Se in pregnancy outcomes and the inconsistency of current shreds of evidence on Se adequacy in Iranian pregnant women, this study aimed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of published studies. This systematic review explored studies reporting dietary Se intake, serum or plasma Se, and Umbilical cord Se in Iranian pregnant women.
Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Google scholar (in English and Persian), and Persian databases, including Scientific Information Database, IranDoc, Iranian National Library, Magiran, and Regional Information Center for Science and Technology, were reviewed.
Results: A total of 30 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled effect sizes show an overall value of 90.09 µg/l (95% CI: 81.89, 98.29) and 75.08 µg/d (95% CI: 63.01, 87.16) for serum and dietary Se. Geographically, the lowest serum Se was in Fars and East-Azerbaijan with values of 61.97 µg/l (51.38, 72.55) and 55.12 µg/l (48.5, 61.74), respectively. Dietary intake pooled estimate showed that the lowest Se intake was in West-Azerbaijan with a value of 42.80 µg/d (95% CI: 38.95, 46.65).
Conclusion: The current study shows that the overall serum and dietary intake of Se in Iranian pregnant women is acceptable. Some parts of the country need monitoring to prevent Se inadequacy and related-adverse complications in pregnant women.
Background
Although both observational and interventional studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of the Nordic diet on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, the association between adherence to this diet and CVD incidents is unknown. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the association between adherence to the Nordic diet and the risk of CVD events in non-Nordic adults.
Methods
In the present cohort study, 2918 participants from the third wave of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) were included. All the participants who were free of CVD at baseline were followed up for 10.6 years. The Nordic diet score was assessed by applying a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Patients’ medical records were used to evaluate cardiovascular events, including coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and CVD-related mortality.
Results
During a median follow-up of 10.6 years, 203 subjects experienced cardiovascular events. Participants in the third and fourth quartiles of the Nordic diet had a 46% (HR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.93) and 58% (HR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.62) lower risk of CVD than those in the lowest quartile. Among components of the Nordic diet, each score increase in cereals was associated with a 24% (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.67 to 0.87), low-fat milk with a 23% (HR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.68 to 0.87), and fish with a 22% (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.69 to 0.89) lower risk of CVD.
Conclusion
We found high adherence to the Nordic diet might be beneficial in the prevention of cardiovascular events in the non-Nordic community. The main components of the Nordic diet that indicated an inverse relationship with CVD were cereals, fish, and low-fat milk.
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