In the present longitudinal study, we investigated attachment quality in Portuguese mother-infant and in father-infant dyads, and evaluated whether attachment quality was related to parental sensitivity during parent-infant social interaction or to the amount of time each parent spent with the infant during play and in routine caregiving activities (e.g., feeding, bathing, play). The sample consisted of 82 healthy full-term infants (30 girls, 53 boys, 48 first born), and their mothers and fathers from mostly middle-class households. To assess parental sensitivity, mothers and fathers were independently observed during free play interactions with their infants when infants were 9 and 15 months old. The videotaped interactions were scored by masked coders using the Crittenden's CARE-Index. When infants were 12 and 18 months old, mother-infant and father-infant dyads were videotaped during an adaptation of Ainsworth's Strange Situation. Parents also described their level of involvement in infant caregiving activities using a Portuguese version of the McBride and Mills Parent Responsibility Scale. Mothers were rated as being more sensitive than fathers during parent-infant free play at both 9 and 15 months. There also was a higher prevalence of secure attachment in mother-infant versus father-infant dyads at both 12 and 18 months. Attachment security was predicted by the amount of time mothers and fathers were involved in caregiving and play with the infant, and with parents' behavior during parent-infant free play.
Attachment security has been associated with health status and symptom reporting. In this longitudinal study, we investigated the association between antibiotics uptake by infants at 9-months and mother-infant attachment at 12-months. Logistic regression analyses indicated that lower maternal sensitivity was associated with increased odds of antibiotic uptake. Furthermore, 89.7% of insecure-ambivalent infants consumed antibiotics, which contrasted with 32.5% of avoidant infants and 21.5% of secure infants. This study suggests that maternal behavior and mother-infant attachment impact on antibiotic consumption, which is worrying because antibiotics may lead to several health problems later in life and antibiotic-resistance.
O presente artigo derevisão dedica-se a comparar e a analisar a relação materna e paterna davinculação. A literatura indica que a vinculação segura é mais frequente em díadesmãe-filho do que em díades pai-filho, e que as mães em média são mais sensíveisdos que os pais. Contudo, as medidas de avaliação da sensibilidade foram, namaior dos casos, aferidas em estudos da relação mãe-filho(a). Importa,compreender as diferenças entre mães e pais num quadro mais amplo das relaçõesda família. Guiados pela literatura procuramos saber: Como se desenrola avinculação pai-filho(a)? Que papel o pai tem no jogo e nos cuidados prestados àcriança? Qual é a associação entre os comportamentos paternos e a vinculação?Em que medida o envolvimento dos pais afeta as relações familiares?
In order to study the impact of premature birth and low income on mother-infant interaction, four Portuguese samples were gathered: full-term, middle-class (n=99); premature, middle-class (n=63); full-term, low income (n=22); and premature, low income (n=21). Infants were filmed in a free play situation with their mothers, and the results were scored using the CARE Index. By means of multinomial regression analysis, social economic status (SES) was found to be the best predictor of maternal sensitivity and infant cooperative behavior within a set of medical and social factors. Contrary to the expectations of the cumulative risk perspective, two factors of risk (premature birth together with low SES) were as negative for mother-infant interaction as low SES solely. In this study, as previous studies have shown, maternal sensitivity and infant cooperative behavior were highly correlated, as was maternal control with infant compliance. Our results further indicate that, when maternal lack of responsiveness is high, the infant displays passive behavior, whereas when the maternal lack of responsiveness is medium, the infant displays difficult behavior. Indeed, our findings suggest that, in these cases, the link between types of maternal and infant interactive behavior is more dependent on the degree of maternal lack of responsiveness than it is on birth status or SES. The results will be discussed under a developmental and evolutionary reasoning.
Numa amostra com 99 díades mãe-filho (sem condições evidentes de risco), tendo os bebês entre 3 e 6 meses, analisamos breves sequências de jogo livre. Pretendíamos estudar a interacção mãe-filho num registo próximo do dia a dia. Para o efeito, avaliamos: a expressão facial, expressão vocal, posicionamento e manipulação, expressão afetiva, reciprocidade, directividade e jogo proporcionados pelas mães. Nos bebês observamos as respostas faciais, vocais, afectivas, a capacidade de responder reciprocamente e comportamento em jogo. Os resultados indicam que os comportamentos maternos muito sensíveis e adequados e os seus opostos - muito desajustados - são minoritários. De fato, a maioria das mães combina sensibilidade com alguma intrusão. A generalidade das crianças apresenta receptividade às solicitações maternas, mas não são raros os comportamentos difíceis e de resistência. A sensibilidade materna e a cooperação infantil apresentaram uma forte associação. Por fim, verificamos que os comportamentos maternos e infantis foram afectados pelo sexo da criança, pela educação e pelas idades maternas e o nível socioeconômico das famílias.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.