Resumen. Se analizaron los patrones de distribución de las comunidades de megacrustáceos bentónicos en la plataforma continental del banco de Campeche mediante el empleo de métodos multivariados. Los datos utilizados provienen de 7 campañas oceanográficas realizadas en 1994 (mayo, agosto y noviembre) y 1995 (febrero, mayo, agosto y noviembre) correspondientes a las estaciones de primavera, verano, otoño e invierno. Se obtuvo un total de 11 113 megacrustáceos con un peso total de 173.28 kg, pertenecientes a 55 especies y 24 familias. Las familias Leucosiidae, Penaeidae y Portunidae fueron las de mayor riqueza específica y abundancia (número de organismos), representando el 27% del total obtenido. Los índices de diversidad, dominancia y equitatividad no mostraron diferencias significativas entre los diferentes meses o entre ambos años. De acuerdo con el análisis multivariado, la profundidad fue la variable ambiental que explicó los mayores cambios en la densidad y biomasa de los megacrustáceos y en menor porcentaje el tipo de sedimento. Se observó una clara diferencia entre las asociaciones de las zonas someras y profundas. La variabilidad registrada en el estrato somero puede ser una consecuencia de la heterogeneidad ambiental, ya que presenta varios tipos de sedimentos y es una zona de transición entre ambientes de limo-arcilla y carbonatados.Palabras clave: comunidades de crustáceos, sedimento suave, análisis multivariado, plataforma continental.
The pandalid shrimp, Heterocarpus ensifer occurs on continental slopes over the eastern and western Atlantic, and over some portions of the Indian and Pacific oceans. Despite its wide distribution, studies on the biology of this species are scant. In particular, there is no information on morphometric relationships or reproductive issues from any western Atlantic population. Although the general morphology of males and females of H. ensifer appears similar, we hypothesized that size at the onset of sexual maturity (SOM) and sexual dimorphism of H. ensifer could be examined with morphometric analyses, using those body dimensions most commonly measured in shrimp: carapace length (CL), body length (BL), rostral length (RL), and body weight (BW). We examined 754 H. ensifer from the southern Gulf of Mexico. SOM, determined through sequential reduced major axis regressions of BL, RL, relative rostral length (RRL = RL/CL), and BW against CL, was 23-24 mm CL in females and 21-22 mm CL in males. These sizes closely matched those of the smallest ovigerous females and the smallest males with appendices masculinae. Juveniles of both sexes showed similar morphometry and allometries, but ontogenetic allometry and morphometric sexual dimorphism occurred after maturity. In particular, the positive relationship (with negative allometry) between RL and CL shown in juveniles was lost after SOM in females and changed to enantiometry in males, despite a wide dispersion of data. The rostral polymorphism may be related to the protracted, year-round reproductive activities of this Gulf of Mexico population. Morphometric techniques may be useful to compare populations of H. ensifer from disparate locations. RESUMENEl camarón pandálido Heterocarpus ensifer habita en el talud continental de los océanos Atlántico oriental y occidental y en algunas partes del Índico y Pacífico. A pesar de la amplia distribución de esta especie, los estudios sobre su biología son escasos. En particular, no existe información sobre 3 ) e-mail: elozano@mar.icmyl.unam.mx © Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2007 Crustaceana 80 (5): 555-568 Also available online: www.brill.nl/cr 556 ENRIQUE LOZANO-ÁLVAREZ ET AL.relaciones morfométricas o aspectos reproductivos de ninguna población del Atlántico occidental. Aunque la morfología general es similar en ambos sexos de H. ensifer, se planteó la hipótesis de que la talla de primera madurez sexual (TPM) y el dimorfismo sexual pueden examinarse a través de análisis morfométricos, utilizando las dimensiones corporales más comúnmente medidas en camarones: longitud cefalotorácica (LC), longitud corporal (LCo), longitud rostral (LR) y peso corporal (PCo). Se examinaron 754 H. ensifer recolectados en el sur del Golfo de México. La TPM, determinada por medio de regresiones secuenciales con eje mayor reducido de las dimensiones LCo, LR, longitud rostral relativa (LRR = LR/LC) y PCo contra la LC, fue de 23-24 mm LC en hembras y 21-22 mm LC en machos. Estas tallas coincidieron con las tallas de las hembras ovígeras más pequeñas y los...
A new species of squat lobster, Munidopsis shulerae sp. nov., from the Gulf of Mexico and western Caribbean, is fully described and illustrated. This new species is named in honor of the late Barbara Shuler Mayo (1945-1988), who first recognized this new taxon in her 1974 unpublished doctoral dissertation, but never formalized it. This new species is placed in the Anoplonotus group based on the presence of simple, narrow rostrum, spineless eyes, fused sternites 3 and 4, well-marked carapace regions, unarmed pleonal tergites, and smooth dactyls of pereopods 2-4. Among western Atlantic congeners, M. shulerae sp. nov. is most similar to M. polita (Smith, 1883), from which it can be distinguished by the straight shape of the rostrum with a tuberculate dorsal carina extending to the epigastric region, coarse ornamentation of the carapace, and a conspicuous submarginal protuberance on each side of the carapace between the antennal and ocular peduncles.
Distribution and abundance of species of Crangonidae and Glyphocrangonidae in the Mexican deep-waters of the Gulf of Mexico were analyzed through six research cruises onboard of the R/V Justo Sierra of the Universidad Nacional Autóno-ma de México using an otter trawl in a depth range of 300-1200 m. We collected two and five species of the Crangonidae and Glyphocrangonidae families, respectively. We provide information about its depth and geographic distribution, abundance, frequency of occurrence and size structure. Glyphocrangon, composed of five species (G. aculeata, G. alispina, G. haematonotus, G. longleyi and G. spinicauda), was the most common and abundant component during the benthic trawls with a total of 1125 individuals. The family Crangonidae recorded only one genus and two species (Parapontocaris caribbaea and P. vicina) with 21 individuals. A taxonomic key for these crangonid and glyphocrangonid shrimps of the Gulf of Mexico is also provided.
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