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Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder associated with stress, which may appear by an educational context, given that students are exposed to demands in the academic environment during their education process that may lead to developing diseases. This study reports on the relationship between the IBS and academic stress and compares results of men and women.Methods: A random survey was made of 561 medicine students at a public university in Mexico. The ROMA III criteria were used for the IBS and the Academic Stress Inventory for academic stress. A multiple regression analysis was made.Results: The results showed that students with academic overload and lack of time are at risk for developing the IBS.Conclusions: Therefore, the recommendation is to implement educational programs aiming at self-care as well as gaining knowledge about academic stress-related factors and the physical responses that may result in repercussions with serious consequences for student life such as pain, disease and dropping out of school.

Identifying academic stress situations and students' maladaptive responses may help promote timely attention to psychophysiological manifestations before they exacerbate and become harmful to college students' health.

Molecular epidemiology of circulating clinical isolates is crucial to improve prevention strategies. The Spanish Working Group on multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a network that monitors the MDR-TB isolates in Spain since 1998. The aim of this study was to present the study of the MDR-TB and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) patterns in Spain using the different recommended genotyping methods over time by a national coordinated system. Based on the proposed genotyping methods in the European Union until 2018, the preservation of one method, MIRU-VNTR, applied to selected clustered strains permitted to maintain our study open for 20 years. The distribution of demographic, clinical and epidemiological characteristics of clustered and non-clustered cases of MDR/XDR tuberculosis with proportion differences as assessed by Pearson’s chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test was compared. The differences in the quantitative variables using the Student's-t test and the Mann–Whitney U test were evaluated. The results obtained showed a total of 48.4% of the cases grouped in 77 clusters. Younger age groups, having a known TB case contact (10.2% vs 4.7%) and XDR-TB (16.5% vs 1.8%) were significantly associated with clustering. The largest cluster corresponded to a Mycobacterium bovis strain mainly spread during the nineties. A total of 68.4% of the clusters detected were distributed among the different Spanish regions and six clusters involving 104 cases were grouped in 17 and 18 years. Comparison of the genotypes obtained with those European genotypes included in The European Surveillance System (TESSy) showed that 87 cases had become part of 20 European clusters. The continuity of MDR strain genotyping in time has offered a widespread picture of the situation that allows better management of this public health problem. It also shows the advantage of maintaining one genotyping method over time, which allowed the comparison between ancient, present and future samples.

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Chronic Stress in an academic environment is considered to be the physiological, emotional, cognitive and behavioral reaction to scholastic events. The objective of this study was to identify chronic stress and its association with psychological, behavioral and physiological variables of Mexican students at a public university. A representative random sample of 527 students in 2012 was assessed. The Stress Symptoms Inventory and the Rossi classification were used and a multiple regression analysis was carried out. Results showed that 35.3% of students displayed high levels of chronic stress; 44.8% medium levels and 19.9% low levels, and the variables of working, digestion problems, nail-biting, feeling depressed, isolation from others, are predictors of chronic stress. Early detection of the variables associated with chronic stress in students would facilitate the implementation of educational programs aimed at developing students' ability to cope with stressful situations.

Introducción: El nivel de exigencia durante la formación académica de estudiantes de medicina es muy alto y cuando estos no cuentan con estrategias de afrontamiento adecuadas, es muy probable que su desempeño académico y su salud se vean afectados por causa de la exposición a situaciones de estrés crónico.Objetivo: Identificar las estrategias de afrontamiento relacionadas con el estrés crónico y comparar los datos entre hombres y mujeres estudiantes de medicina de una universidad pública en México.Método: Estudio observacional y transversal, en 2018, con la participación de 873 estudiantes de medicina de una universidad pública. Se empleó el Inventario de Síntomas de Estrés y el Perfil de Estrés de Nowack. Los datos se analizaron con el estadístico de regresión múltiple y se comparó entre hombres y mujeres. Resultados: El modelo de regresión validó estadísticamente que los estilos de afrontamiento: valoración positiva, minimización de la amenaza y la valoración negativa (R2 = 0.51; F = 232.71; p < 0.01) se relacionaron con el estrés crónico en esta muestra. El análisis comparativo mostró nivel más alto de estrés crónico en mujeres.Conclusiones: Las mujeres estudiantes de medicina muestran mayor riesgo para el estrés crónico y estilos de afrontamiento no adaptativos como juicios negativos, minimización de la amenaza y pocas valoraciones positivas en comparación con los hombres, lo que podría  traer como consecuencia daños a su salud y a su desempeño académico.

The purpose of this study was to determine the association of psychosocial risk factors with the burnout syndrome in 144 dentists. Semi structured interviews were made and the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Psychosocial Risk Factors Questionnaire were implemented. The results determined a direct relation between the Commuting to Work dimension of psychosocial risk factors and the MBI Burnout Syndrome (rp = 0.23; rp = 0.21 y rp = −0.23; p < 0.05). The data classified 10% of the participants at a severe level of low Personal Realization in combination with Social Situations and Commuting of the psychosocial risk factors. They also reported Emotional Exhaustion of the burnout syndrome. Conclusion: The percentage of dentists with a high burnout level was similar to that reported in other studies and showed a significant relationship with Commute Situations as a psychosocial risk factor.