benefits from a Postdoctoral grant from FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (reference SFRH/BPD/84038/2012) funded by POPH-NSRF-Typology 4.1-Advanced Training, co-financed by the ESF and by national funds of the Portuguese Ministry of Education and Science. Ana Rita Cruz also acknowledges the financial support from FCT (SFRH/BD/75893/2011).This article was stimulated by HARVEST Atlantic-Harnessing all resources valuable to economies of seaside territories on the Atlantic, project co-financed by the European INTERREG Atlantic Area through the ERDF. The contribution of Carla Nogueira as research assistant in this project is acknowledged.
Regions around the world suffered asymmetric effects with the global economic crisis of the last decade. European regions were not different, and a myriad of impacts with varied magnitudes was felt. This article, inspired by the literature of varieties of capitalism (VoC), presents statistical and econometric evidence about the differences of regional resilience, measured by the variation of economic product, unemployment and R&D across regions in European Union during the economic downturn. An exploratory approach analyses the socio-economic resilience between different member states, and VoC ideal-types (liberal market economies, the continental capitalism, the social-democrat economies, the Mediterranean capitalism, and the Eastern economies). The study presents a typology of resilience clusters in European regions. There were found six types of profiles concerning resilience: great performers, fast growth, intermediate position, R&D reduction, regions in divergence, and Mediterranean regions in big trouble. The study identifies key aspects for resilience, providing policy implications for regional economic policies. The comparison of the resilience clusters and the original VoC categorization has implications for this branch of literature as it does not completely address the variety of regional answers to the shocks.
Over the past decades creative and cultural activities have had modest opportunity to develop and grow in Algarve (Portugal) due to the tourism specialization in 'sun and sand'. The regional dynamics based in this specific tourism product created path dependencies and limited opportunities for expansion and consolidation of the cultural and creative sector. Using the model of three Tstalent, technology, tolerance this short article presents the relative creative potential of Algarve, and opportunities to diversify the tourism offer attracting talented people and breaking the regional economic lock-in.
The 21st century has witnessed a growth in the importance given to the third mission of Higher Education Institutions (HEI). This third mission refers to the socioeconomic engagement with the surrounding social and business fabric, namely in the form of knowledge transfer (KT) schemes and policies. Despite its widely-recognized importance, the Cultural and Creative Sector (CCS) has remained only marginally engaged with HEI, in part due to the lack of explicit policy by public actors to bring the two types of actors together. This article seeks to explore the institutional frameworks that have been developed for knowledge transfer from HEI to the CCS in selected regions of the Atlantic Area. Towards this goal, it first analyses some of the sectoral specificities of the CCS, identifying three feature which distinguish the sector: the entrepreneurial structure and organization of CCS; the type of knowledge, innovation and motivations of firms; and their absence of connections to HEI. The article seeks then to analyze to what extent existing policy on CCS and KT policies in the regions has tackled these specificities, through a qualitative analysis of reports, policy documents, and academic analysis of the regional economies, before proposing a model for understanding KT policy in the CCS sector, which serves as a preliminary line of inquiry into the knowledge relations in the CCS. Finally, these policy concerns are related to the perceptions of CCS practitioners, attempting to understand the primary concerns of these actors according to their regional context. The article highlights the existing disconnect between public policy, the current state of understanding of the CCS and the industry actors, urging for greater research and policy-development to promote innovation and socioeconomic growth.
Creative tourism is starting in Portugal as a labelled and structured alternative aiming to produce a boosting effect in peripheral areas. By linking places, host communities and tourists in the cocreation of differentiated experiences, this tourism offer challenges destinations and communities to be creative and reinvent themselves as placemaking agents in the coproduction of territorial amenities. As such, creative tourism can be a useful tool to complement placemaking strategies in peripheral areas, once it has the ability to engage local communities and generate territorial benefits. This hypothesis is explored through a case study and preliminary findings, obtained through focus group, in-depth interviews and content analysis, show the advantages of planned placemaking strategies for the territorial promotion. The comparisons in terms of intervention focus by types of entities and placemaking strategies confirm the complexity of these dynamics, pointing relevant factors used to mobilize local tangible and intangible resources.
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