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This research examines the relationship between unpaid care work, financial well-being, and stress levels among women during the COVID 19 pandemic. The pandemic caused downturns in the economies of countries around the world and led to uncertainties and changes that created conditions for increased stress levels and consequently impaired well-being. In addition to social distancing and lock-down as measures to cope with the virus, working from home, home schooling, caring for sick and older family members, and financial problems have added burdens and have proven to be additional personal and family stressors. The findings are based on an online survey conducted among women during the second lock-down in Croatia. Additional unpaid care work and lower financial well-being affect the increased stress felt by women during the pandemic. This is especially pronounced among women who are more involved in paid work. During the pandemic, additional unpaid care work, increased involvement in paid work, and jeopardized financial well-being were found to be stressors for women. Our results clearly indicate the importance of women's free time for their own and their families' well-being.

Purpose Crypto-asset can be traded on many different exchanges worldwide with servers located in countries with different financial characteristics and institutional surroundings. Trading volume on these servers varies considerably regarding the server’s location, even though the prices do not differ greatly. Crypto-asset markets are poorly regulated and, as such, may leave a place for potential fraudulent activities and be linked to corruption. This paper aims to examine the role of country’s institutions in attracting Bitcoin traders. Design/methodology/approach Assuming heterogeneity between countries where crypto-asset exchange servers are located, the Pool Mean Group Estimator is used. Findings Results indicate that, from institutional variables, corruption in the country attracts while internal and external conflicts repel investors. Additionally, the growth of global uncertainty and the decline in the local stock markets motivate investors to trade Bitcoin. Originality/value Previous research has empirically proved the importance of institutions’ quality for financial market development. This paper goes one step further and tries to empirically confirm the theoretical assumptions and investigate in detail the role of institutions in choosing servers in a particular country for Bitcoin trading.

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This paper analyses household financial fragility during the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the barging theory in households’ decision-making, this paper proposes that women’s financial literacy and their involvement in paid and unpaid work will influence family financial fragility in times of crisis. The results show that women’s financial literacy, their participation in the labour market, and their financial independence have a significant and positive effect on the family’s financial situation during the pandemic. Moreover, the level of women’s unpaid work was identified as a significant element that jeopardizes family financial stability. The results further support the bargaining power theory regarding a better understanding of the complexity of decision-making within households. The results point to a new channel for preserving family financial stability, through the improvement of women’s financial literacy and the development of institutional and social support for their participation in the labour market.

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