The retainers of water in the soil can favor nitrogen (N) use efficiency in oat yield. The aim of the study was to determine if the conditions of use of the biopolymer hydrogel increase the fertilizer-N use efficiency in oat yield in succession systems of high and low residual-N release. In each succession system (soybean/oat, corn/oat), two experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015, one to quantify biomass yield and the other to estimate grain yield and lodging. The design was randomized blocks with four replicates in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme for hydrogel doses (0, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1), added in the furrow with the seed, and N fertilizer doses (0, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1) applied in the fourth-expanded-leaf stage. The use of hydrogel increases N use efficiency in oat yield, especially under the conditions of 30 to 60 kg ha-1 of biopolymer; however, this effect is dependent on the succession system and on weather conditions.
The biomass productivity and wheat grains efficiency is determined by nitrogen dose adjustment (full or fractioned), environmental conditions, and cropping system. The aim of this study was to improve the efficiency of N-fertilizer usage on wheat to maximize the biomass productivity and grain yield by adjusting the full or fractioned nitrogen dose in favorable and unfavorable year conditions, in succession systems with high and reduced N-residual release. In this study, two experiments were conducted between 2012 and 2014. One was to quantify the biomass productivity rate and another to determine grain yield. The experimental design was a complete randomized block, with four replications, in a 4 × 3 factorial scheme to N fertilizer rates (0, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1) and supply forms of the nutrient [full dose (100%) in the V 3 phenological stage (third expanded leaf); fractioned (70 and 30%) at the V 3 and V 6 phenological stages (third and sixth expanded leaf, respectively) and; fractionated (70 and 30%) at the V 3 and E phenological stages (third expanded leaf and early grain filling), ] respectively, in soybean/wheat and maize/wheat cultivation systems. The nitrogen supply in wheat through single dose or fraction indicates linear tendency over the productivity biomass daily rate-1 with the increase of N-fertilizer, regardless of a favorable and unfavorable year and system of a succession of the high and reduced N-residual release. However, in favorable years, the use of full dose on V 3 stage is indicated. In the maize/wheat system, the full dose at V 3 stage is more efficient, especially with higher doses of the nutrient. For grain yield, the N-fertilizer fractioning was adjusted in intermediate cropping years, while the full dose became suitable at the V 3 stage in favorable years. However, in unfavorable years, nitrogen investments should be minimized, regardless of the supply form and succession system.
The growth regulator modifies the expression of lodging and panicle components in oat plants, with reflexes in yield. The objective of this study was to define the optimal dose of growth regulator in oat for a maximum lodging of 5%. In addition, this study aimed to identify potential variables of the panicle to compose the multiple linear regression model and the simulation of grain yield in conditions of use of the regulator under low, high and very high fertilization with nitrogen. The study was conducted in 2011, 2012 and 2013 in a randomized block design with four replicates in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, for growth regulator doses (0, 200, 400 and 600 mL ha-1) and N-fertilizer doses (30, 90 and 150 kg ha-1), respectively. The growth regulator doses of 395, 450 and 560 mL ha-1 are efficient, with maximum oat lodging of 5%, under low, high and very high nitrogen fertilization, respectively. The grain weight per panicle and panicle harvest index are potential variables to compose the multiple linear regression model. Multiple linear regression equations are efficient in the simulation of oat grain yield under the conditions of use of growth regulator, regardless of the N-fertilizer dose.
Resumo. Na agricultura, o desenvolvimento de modelos matemáticos tem contribuído para o conhecimento fisiológico das culturas, na busca de inovação e validação de novas tecnologias. O cultivo da aveia brancaé muito comum na região sul do país e sua produtividadé e fortemente dependente do uso de nitrogênio, que se perde facilmente no ambiente. O emprego de hidrorretentores deágua no solo pode ser uma alternativa inovadora buscando melhorar a eficiência do nitrogênio. Dessa forma, o uso da modelagem matemática pode melhorar o entendimento das variáveis de produtividade da aveia e suas relações com o clima e o manejo do nitrogênio e hidrogel. Nesse contexto, o objetivo de estudoé o uso de regressão por superfície de resposta na otimização da combinação ideal de nitrogênio e hidrogel sobre a maior produtividade de grãos de aveia no sistema de sucessão milho/aveia. O uso de distintas doses do hidrorretentor associadasà adubação nitrogenada em cobertura influência positivamente na produtividade de grãos de aveia. A dose ajustada de hidrogel e nitrogênioà máxima produtividade de grãos no sistema milho/aveiaé ao redor de 60 e 100 kg ha −1 , respectivamente.Palavras-chave. Avena Sativa, nitrogênio, hidrogel, superfície de resposta, sistema milho/aveia. 1
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