Radon is known as the main contributor to natural background radiation exposure and the mapping of di erent radon phenomenon presents an important task in both a scienti c and regulatory context. Considering the aspect of radon e ects on health, identi cation of areas with elevated radon levels is a crucial step in radon monitoring and the prevention of adverse e ects on the population and the environment. Di erent needs regarding the monitoring of the environmental radioactivity levels in Europe led to initiatives such as the development of the European Atlas of Natural Radiation (EANR). To present di erent methods of radon mapping, the European Indoor Radon Map and European Geogenic Radon Map projects are described brie y. The aim of this paper is to present the mapping of di erent aspects of radon (indoor and geogenic) and its importance in data visualization and information dissemination. The practical experiences worldwide provide context for future activities of radon mapping in Croatia. Existing Croatian initiatives in the eld of radon risk research are mostly related to the investigations of indoor radon concentrations and identi cation of radon prone areas through one national study and several focused studies. A comparison of indoor radon levels in Croatia and several geological parameters identi ed new areas appropriate for future research that could lead towards a geogenic map of radon potential in Croatia.
Decommissioning and dismantlement of nuclear power plants (NPP) present the fi nal phase of a nuclear power plant lifetime and are an essential part of an eff ective nuclear safety culture. While some countries are implementing nuclear exit strategies and others are building new nuclear power plants or prolonging their lifetimes, the decommissioning of facilities is imminent. This paper gives a short overview on decommissioning and dismantling strategies and techniques as an introduction to the applicability of radioactive metal waste recycling and reuse. General estimations suggest that the majority of the waste mass resulting from decommissioning and dismantling is radiologically unrestricted material i.e. exempt waste. The remaining one-third is the radioactive material with diff erent levels of radioactivity. To present radioactive metal scrap recycling in practice, this paper addresses estimations on metal waste amounts resulting from decommissioning, the use of melting as a possible recycling method (with regard to secondary waste generated) and aspects of environmental and health impacts. Additionally, the best practice example of the decommissioning process in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) with NPP technology is given to provide context for the possible future decommissioning of NPP Krško. After consideration of the available data on decommissioning waste management, the conclusion is that while the decision on decommissioning strategies and technologies is not straightforward but unique to each country, current experiences give important context to the complexity and potential of decommissioning and provide a basis for future actions. Keywordsnuclear power plants, decommissioning and dismantling, metal recycling, waste management.
Donošenjem Nacionalnog programa provedbe Strategije zbrinjavanja radioaktivnog otpada, iskorištenih izvora i istrošenog nuklearnog goriva, Vlada Republike Hrvatske je ratificirala Strategiju koja dijelom određuje gospodarenje reziduima. S obzirom na važeću legislativu bit će nužno regulatorno modificirati trenutačne i predvidjeti buduće rudarske i druge industrijske aktivnosti u kojima nastaju rezidui i pri kojima se manipulira reziduima. U radu se daje detaljan pregled legislative te preporuka i smjernica, u skladu s posljednjim dostignućima, za gospodarenje postojećim i budućim odlagalištima i mjestima za privremeno pohranjivanje rezidua.
The ERICA project (Environmental Risk from Ionising Contaminants: Assessment and Management) was co-funded by the European Union as part of the 6 th Framework Programme (FP EURATOM). The project was carried out between 2004 and 2007 as the collective work of 15 organisations in seven European countries. Two significant outputs of the project are the ERICA Integrated Approach and the ERICA Tool. The ERICA Integrated Approach consists of three elements: assessment, risk characterisation and management. The ERICA Tool is a practical implementation of the assessment component of the ERICA Integrated Approach and has a three-tier structure. The aim of this review paper is to give a concise overview of ERICA project outputs and their structure, updates done since their first release in 2007, as well as to provide a context for their practical application in environmental radiation protection and radiological risk assessments for various engineering scenarios.
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