Since the initial moisture content in sunflower seeds after the harvest is rather high, seeds must be processed by convection drying so that their quality can be maintained for as long as possible a period of time. Sunflower is an oilseed crop, which can be used as food and as a feedstock for solid fuels production. The aim of this paper is to determine the influence of the convection drying process (at 60 °C, 80 °C and 100 °C) on energy characteristics of seeds of four sunflower hybrids (Apolon, NK Brio, PR 63 A 90 and PR 63 D 82), which by their characteristics belong to early and medium-early hybrids. It will also be determined if the energy used in the drying process can be recovered through utilisation of energy from husk. On the basis of the obtained results, the changes in energy characteristics were identified, namely, the content of non-combustible matters (water, ash, coke, fixed carbon and nitrogen) and of combustible matters (carbon, sulphur, hydrogen, oxygen, volatile matter), as well as higher and lower heating values of sunflower seeds. The resulting data prove that convection drying of sunflower husk has a positive influence on its energy characteristics and that it can be used for solid fuel production.
Growing consumer demand for safe and affordable food as well as the need for a sustainable food supply will force the producers to explore methods for production output increasing. The poultry industry has an important role in the provision of a sustainable food supply, especially because chickens have a high feed conversion efficiency compared to other birds or livestock and, chicken meat is a low greenhouse gas emission food compared to other sources of dietary protein and has accessible source of protein with a low-fat content. The most important aspect of broiler production is feeding, and it represents about 70% of total costs. In order to facilitate the broilers, feed mixture production, it is tending to replace corn component, with a new, cheaper but high-quality component. As an alternative, it is possible to use the old bread, which would enable its remediation. Its use in broiler feeding is possible only after thermal treatment. Following this work will include the possibilities of using 5 and 10% of the old white and brown bread share in broilers feed mixture after thermal processing by extrusion. Feeding with both types of old extruded bread proved to be satisfying and did not affect broilers performance so generally dried bread can be used in chicken feed by as a partial replacement for maize component. Although both breads have proved good feeding quality, slightly better results were obtained in feeding with 10% share of brown bread.
Mak je uvriježeni zajednički naziv za nekoliko vrsta iz roda Papaver, porodice Papaveraceae, od kojih je komercijalno najvažnija Papaver somniferum L. koja se uzgaja radi proizvodnje opijuma, ulja i sjemenki. Upravo visoki sadržaj ulja u sjemenkama maka čini ga jako kvarljivim, stoga sjemenke nakon berbe treba odmah očistiti i osušiti iz razloga što se sjeme maka može skladištiti s najviše 8 % vlage. Skladišta u kojima se čuva sjeme moraju biti suha, prozračna i bez stranih mirisa, a sjeme zdravo, uniformne boje, veličine i oblika. Također je moguća i dodatna dorada maka mljevenjem, kondicioniranjem i prešanjem.
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