A thorough study concerning O-alkylation and α-bromination of dihydroxyacetophenone (DA) and N-alkylation of 1,2-diazine, under ultrasound (US) and microwave (MW) irradiation as well as under conventional thermal heating (TH) is presented. Under US and MW irradiation the yields are higher, the amount of used solvent decreases substantially, the reaction time decreases considerable (from hours or days to minutes) and the consumed energy decreases, consequently the O-alkylation, α-bromination and N-alkylation methods could be considered environmentally friendly. A selective and efficient way to either bis-O-alkylation or mono-O-alkylation of DA has been found, the relative position of the two hydroxyl groups on the phenyl moiety being compulsory. A selective and efficient way for α-bromination in heterogeneous catalysis of DA derivatives under US irradiation is presented. The N-alkylation reaction of DA under US and MW irradiation proved to be the most convenient setup procedure for these types of reactions. Overall, the use of US proved to be more efficient than MW or TH.
Herein we report a feasible study concerning the design, syntheses and in vitro antimicrobial and antitumoral activities of some novel compounds with dihydroxyacetophenone (DA) moiety. An efficient and general method for the preparation of diazine with dihydroxyacetophenone (DDA) skeleton under conventional thermal heating (TH), microwave (MW) and ultrasounds (US) irradiation is presented. Antimicrobial and antitumoral tests prove that some dihydroxyacetophenone compounds (the brominated derivatives BrDA 3) have a significant biological activity. It is also to be pointed out that, basically all the dihydroxyacetophenone derivatives proved to have a powerful antibacterial activity against drug resistant Gram-negative strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Of particular interest could be the excellent antibacterial activity of our dihydroxyacetophenone compounds against drug resistant Gram-negative strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Coumarin derivatives are structurally interesting compounds for synthesizing antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. Starting from 4-methyl-7-hydroxycoumarin, several derivatives with these properties have been obtained through different reaction steps. Their molecular structures were established by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The synthesized coumarin derivatives exerted meaningful activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as strains of Candida spp. All compounds also exhibited high and moderate antioxidant activity in assays for DPPH inhibition, total reducing power, and nitric oxide (NO) inhibition when compared to ascorbic acid.
In this study, the binding efficiency of 10 coumarin derivatives with some selected proteins from Dengue virus through in silico method was done. By virtual screening and docking results, we have found that the hybrid derivative between coumarin and isatin has the most convenient binding activity for the seven selected proteins.
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