The LESS approach entails greater level of muscular activity in the trapezius and forearm extensor muscles, but we have found evidences of a better wrist position during LESS compared with traditional laparoscopy.

Training obtained during the first module of our training model significantly decreased performance times for ex vivo urethrovesical anastomosis, simultaneously increasing its quality. In addition, validation of the training model was also demonstrated by the highly scored evaluation resulting from the attendants' assessment.

Data glove CyberGlove® allows for the distinction between two laparoscopic exercises performed with different instruments. Also, laparoscopic intracorporeal suturing when performed with an axial-handled needle holder entails a more ergonomic posture for the wrist joint. Previous minimally invasive surgical experience is a positive influencing factor on the surgeons' wrist postures during laparoscopy.

We conclude that the least adequate instrument set for initiation in LESS surgery is the one that combines two dynamic articulating tip instruments, as this has consistently obtained the worst results in all trials. Further data on more complex tasks and on a complete learning and skills-acquisition program must be obtained to confirm these findings.

No abstract

This technique cannot be recommended in clinical practice until further studies are performed and the technique is further refined.

No abstract

PurposeConventional prostheses used for inguinal hernia repair are static and passive. This feasibility-study shows the features of a new 3D tension-free prosthesis in an experimental model.MethodsThis study was divided into two-phases: 1) aimed to test the physics intrinsic features and the anatomical adaptability of a new 3D designed mesh, and 2) aimed to evaluate the inflammatory reaction associated with different materials used. On phase-1 implantations were performed in pigs. During the first trial phase, the prostheses were also implanted on human cadavers. On phase-2, implantation was carried out on large swine. Follow-up was of 60-days, after which the animals were anaesthetized for laparoscopic assessment, and for sample collection of mesh implantation site for histological analysis.ResultsAll animals showed good 3D mesh tolerance, and the follow-up period was uneventful. The laparoscopy showed no inflammatory lesions on the internal surface of the peritoneum. Macroscopic observation of implantation site revealed some local fibrosis and reorganization of tissue, no signs of infection, and no changes on original implant positioning. Histological analysis on phase-1 showed in most sample segments the deferent duct maintaining its central position and surrounded by vascular and nervous structures. On phase-2 differences in inflammatory lesion score could be found between subjects.ConclusionsThis new 3D mesh can be placed appropriately and from this preliminary animal study no untoward complications were noted over a 60 day period.