Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic granulomatous disease that primarily affects lung tissue and lymph nodes (LN) in cattle, with economic impact on their productivity. Furthermore, it is potential zoonoses that may cause public health hazard. In this study, we evaluated the presence of bTB in two abattoirs: Cayambe and Pelileo countries located in the Ecuadorian provinces of Pichincha and Tungurahua, respectively. In total, 578 cattle were sampled (Cayambe 271 and Pelileo 307): 1,156 LN and 578 lung tissue samples were collected to apply in vitro culture and nested-PCR, respectively. The results determined a total apparent prevalence of 4.33%, with 4.06% at Cayambe's abattoir and 4.56% at Pelileo's abattoir. Additionally, the Bayesian analysis showed a total true prevalence of 2.51%, with 89.7% of sensitivity and 97.6% of specificity. The risk factors were evaluated by the use of simple logistic regressions with and without the random effect of places of origin. Associations of the origin of cattle in the selected slaughterhouses were found. The results showed an efficient method for the detection of bTB, which could identify a large number of infected animals, and the usefulness of lung tissue samples for early diagnosis of the disease was demonstrated in this study.
El estudio tiene como objetivo principal analizar cómo el uso de apps aporta al desarrollo del listening skill en universitarios. Para ello, la metodología utilizada parte del enfoque cualitativo tomando como base la revisión bibliográfica, cuyos datos han sido analizados a través del software Atlas Ti, a partir de categorías como listening skill y uso de apps en el inglés. Los principales resultados determinaron, por un lado, que el desarrollo del listening skill es la habilidad menos fortalecida dentro de la enseñanza-aprendizaje del idioma, en tanto, se considera una destreza pasiva llevando al estudiante universitario a experimentar retroceso en la comprensión del discurso oral. Por otro lado, el uso de una app otorga al usuario una amplia gama de beneficios, es decir, es una herramienta pedagógica, didáctica, motivacional, genera autonomía y promueve el trabajo colaborativo. Se concluye así que el uso de apps aporta al desarrollo del listening skill generando en el universitario espacios de autonomía y motivación. Contribuye, además, a fortalecer la competencia comunicativa, sobre todo cuando los estudiantes han reflejado tener fuertes falencias en esta habilidad interfiriendo en la interpretación adecuada de diálogos o discursos orales; siendo una barrera para introducirse con mayor facilidad en el ámbito laboral.
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