A Gestão dos Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU) é uma das grandes demandas ambientais do mundo contemporâneo e os problemas enfrentados por sua destinação inadequada são ainda maiores por causa do aumento desproporcional da geração de resíduos em volume, resultante de um contexto de maior urbanização, crescimento populacional e globalização econômica. Tendo em vista que atualmente as principais formas de destinação dos Resíduos Sólidos utilizadas não tem conseguido solucionar de maneira satisfatória a maioria dos problemas ambientais, existe cada vez mais a necessidade de encontrar não só alternativas para disposição final, mas opções que considerem o problema de maneira sistêmica evidenciando modelo produtivo e ambiental como um todo a fim de formular estratégias, promover a sustentabilidade ambiental e a melhoria da qualidade de vida da população. Nesse contexto, a presente pesquisa foi realizada objetivando-se analisar as contribuições mais recentes publicadas na literatura científica, através da revisão sistêmica, pela consulta de bancos de dados virtuais de relevância mundial a fim de avaliar a eficiência ambiental e econômica partindo como princípio a disposição final dos RSU em diferentes países. Diante dos resultados obtidos verifica-se o crescimento acelerado das pesquisas que tratam dos impactos ambientais associados a disposição de resíduos, sendo evidenciados em maior proporção as áreas afetadas em detrimento dos impactos provocados aos seres vivos.
A supressão da vegetação nativa para a expansão agropecuária ou para outro tipo de uso, tem agravado o processo de degradação florestal, ocasionando impactos negativos. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo o mapeamento da vegetação da APP no Horto Florestal Olho D´água da Bica, do município de Cuité – PB, quantificando as áreas alteradas da vegetação densa, vegetação rala e o solo exposto, através das mudanças espectrais em quatro anos (2015 a 2018), visando obter maior conhecimento sobre a sua preservação. Foram utilizadas imagens de satélite Landsat 8 que possuíam menores coberturas de nuvens. A interpretação visual de imagens de satélite ocorre através da extração de padrões texturais nas bandas monocromáticas e nas composições coloridas. A partir, dos resultados observou-se que a vegetação densa sofreu uma significativa redução ao longo dos anos e que a vegetação rala e o solo exposto obtiveram um maior crescimento no período analisado. Desta forma, conclui-se que a degradação da vegetação, ocorreu ao longo dos anos, sendo necessário uma intervenção e plano de recuperação da área. A vegetação densa teve redução significativa, enquanto houve elevação da vegetação rala. Assim, torna necessário a aplicação de projetos de educação ambiental na comunidade para incentivar a conscientização e preservação desta APP. Analysis of the degradation of native vegetation in a permanent preservation area in Paraíba A B S T R A C TThe removal of native vegetation to agricultural expansion or for other use, has aggravated the process of forest degradation, causing negative impacts. Thus, this study aimed to the mapping of the vegetation of the APP in the Horto Florestal Eye D ´ water da Bica, the municipality of Cuité-PB, quantifying the altered areas of dense vegetation, thin vegetation and soil exposed, through the spectral changes in four years (2015 to 2018), in order to gain greater knowledge of your preservation. Landsat satellite images were used 8 who had lower cloudiness. The visual interpretation of satellite imagery occurs through the extraction of textural patterns in monochrome and colored bands in the compositions. From the results, it was observed that the dense vegetation has suffered a significant reduction over the years and that the thin vegetation and exposed soil obtained a higher growth in the period analyzed. Thus, it is concluded that the degradation of vegetation, occurred over the years, requiring an intervention and recovery plan of the area. The dense vegetation had significant reduction, while there were thin vegetation elevation. So, makes necessary the implementation of environmental education projects in the community to encourage the awareness and preservation of this APP.Keywords: vegetation cover, permanent preservation area, environmental education.
Solid waste production is increasing and the correct final disposal is important to avoid environmental degradation. Unfortunately, only a few years ago in Brazil, the final solid waste disposal by the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) should be properly done in landfills. Due to the placement of waste in an inappropriate place, such as dumps, which after PNRS should be deactivated, as well as the environmentally recovered area and landfill. In this context the present research was carried out aiming to evaluate the environmental impacts in solid waste final disposal area in the city of Campina Grande. Visits were made on site, with photographic record, through the Ad Hoc method and checklist in the area. It was contacted that there was no removal of solid waste from the site, despite the area has been disabled for years, with microbiological activity and gas production. Several sites with leachate accumulation were observed. 4 ppm of the hydrogen sulfide gas was detected at two points. The soil and nearby water bodies are polluted and the use of the area by the nearby population is of concern. The current situation of the dump of Campina Grande-PB is worrying, and an area recovery plan is important.
Water is a renewable natural resource, important for maintenance of life on the entire planet. Even with this significance is a feature that has been degraded and reduced the quality to use. In the Brazilian semi-arid region water scarcity by influencing the quality of life of the population, directly affecting the socio-economic and development means. In this context, the present research was conducted aiming to evaluate the water quality in the watershed Brazilian semiarid. The survey was conducted in three watersheds (Capibaribe river, Ipojuca river and Igarassu river) in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Water Quality Index (WQI) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) annual averages of the year 2006 to 2015. In Capibaribe river watershed the largest concentrations of BOD occurred in 213, 2014 and 2015, with average was 4.95 mg/L. By increasing the BOD value there is a reduction of WQI. The Igarassu river, it was verified that from 2006 to 2014 the hydrographic basin has water quality classified as good. The BOD in the waters of the Ipojuca river has little influence on the water quality index.There is a degradation on the quality of water of basins due mainly to anthropic pollution.
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