The [Cu4OCl6(IMIDH)4] complex has been synthesized and its crystal structure and magnetic properties determined. The compound crystallizes as a dark green solid in the orthorhombic system, space group P212121, with cell constants a = 11.469(2) Å, b = 13.933(2) Å, c = 16.778(3) Å and four formula units per cell. The complex has a tetrameric structure of four copper(II) ions connected to a central oxo group, in an approximately tetrahedral arrangement. Copper coordination is completed by three μ2-chloride ions and an imidazole nitrogen atom, defining a trigonal bipyramidal environment around each copper ion. A new Heisenberg exchange scheme has been developed, considering the experimentally observed distortion of the Cu4 tetrahedron. The magnetic susceptibilities measurements were interpreted by means of this model, in terms of three coupling constants, J = −7.65 cm-1, J S = 83.3 cm-1, and J L = −58.8 cm-1, which show a linear correlation with the observed Cu−O−Cu angles.

We report EPR measurements in single-crystal samples at the microwave frequencies 9.8 and 34.3 GHz and magnetic susceptibility measurements in polycrystalline samples for the ternary complex of copper with aspartic acid and phenanthroline, (L-aspartato)(1,10-phenanthroline)copper(II) hydrate. The crystal lattice of this compound is composed of two dissimilar copper ions identified as Cu(A) and Cu(B), which are in two types of copper chains called A and B, respectively, running parallel to the b crystal axis. The copper ions in the A chains are connected by the aspartic acid molecule, and those in the B chains by a chemical path that involves a carboxylate bridge and a hydrogen bond. Both chains are held together by a complex network of hydrogen bonds and by hydrophobic interactions between aromatic amines. Magnetic susceptibility data indicate a Curie-Weiss behavior in the studied temperature range (2-300 K). The EPR spectra at 9.8 GHz display a single exchange collapsed resonance for any magnetic field orientation, in the so-called strong exchange regime. Those at 34.3 GHz are within the so-called weak exchange regime and display two resonances which belong to each type of copper ion chain. The decoupling of the spectra at 34.3 GHz using a theory based on Anderson's model for the case of two weakly exchange coupled spins S = (1)/(2) allows one to obtain the angular variation of the squares of the g-factor and the peak-to-peak line width of each resonance. This model also allows one to evaluate the exchange parameter |J(AB)/k| = 2.7(6) mK associated with the chemical path connecting dissimilar copper ions. The line width data obtained for each component of the spectra at 34.3 GHz are analyzed in terms of a model based on Kubo and Tomita's theory, to obtain the exchange parameters |J(A)/k| = 0.77(2) K and |J(B)/k| = 1.44(2) K associated with the chemical paths connecting the similar copper ions of types A and B, respectively.

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The oxidation of d-galacturonic acid by Cr(VI) yields the aldaric acid and Cr(III) as final products when a 30-times or higher excess of the uronic acid over Cr(VI) is used. The redox reaction involves the formation of intermediate Cr(IV) and Cr(V) species, with Cr(VI) and the two intermediate species reacting with galacturonic acid at comparable rates. The rate of disappearance of Cr(VI), Cr(IV) and Cr(V) depends on pH and [substrate], and the slow reaction step of the Cr(VI) to Cr(III) conversion depends on the reaction conditions. The EPR spectra show that five-coordinate oxo-Cr(V) bischelates are formed at pH < or = 5 with the uronic acid bound to Cr(V) through the carboxylate and the alpha-OH group of the furanose form or the ring oxygen of the pyranose form. Six-coordinated oxo-Cr(V) monochelates are observed as minor species in addition to the major five-coordinated oxo-Cr(V) bischelates only for galacturonic acid : Cr(VI) < or =10 : 1, in 0.25-0.50 M HClO(4). At pH 7.5 the EPR spectra show the formation of a Cr(V) complex where the vic-diol groups of Galur participate in the bonding to Cr(V). At pH 3-5 the Galur-Cr(V) species grow and decay over short periods in a similar way to that observed for [Cr(O)(alpha-hydroxy acid)(2)](-). The lack of chelation at any vic-diolate group of Galur when pH < or = 5 differentiates its ability to stabilise Cr(V) from that of neutral saccharides that form very stable oxo-Cr(V)(diolato)(2) species at pH > 1.

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The structures of aquadichlorobis(1H-imidazole)cobalt(II), [CoCl(2)(Him)(2)(H(2)O)(2)] (Him is 1H-imidazole, C(3)H(4)N(2)), (I), and aquadichlorobis(1H-imidazole)nickel(II), [NiCl(2)(Him)(2)(H(2)O)(2)], (II), are isomorphous and consist of monomers with inversion symmetry. The three monodentate ligands (imidazole, chlorine and aqua), together with their symmetry equivalents, define almost perfect octahedra. Hydrogen-bonding interactions via the imidazole and aqua H atoms lead to a three-dimensional network.