Background: The barriers to HIV testing and counselling that migrants encounter can jeopardize proactive HIV testing that relies on the fact that HIV testing must be linked to care. We analyse available evidence on HIV testing and counselling strategies targeting migrants and ethnic minorities in high-income countries. Methods: Systematic literature review of the five main databases of articles in English from Europe, North America and Australia between 2005 and 2009. Results: Of 1034 abstracts, 37 articles were selected. Migrants, mainly from HIV-endemic countries, are at risk of HIV infection and its consequences. The HIV prevalence among migrants is higher than the general population’s, and migrants have higher frequency of delayed HIV diagnosis. For migrants from countries with low HIV prevalence and for ethnic minorities, socio-economic vulnerability puts them at risk of acquiring HIV. Migrants have specific legal and administrative impediments to accessing HIV testing—in some countries, undocumented migrants are not entitled to health care—as well as cultural and linguistic barriers, racism and xenophobia. Migrants and ethnic minorities fear stigma from their communities, yet community acceptance is key for well-being. Conclusions: Migrants and ethnic minorities should be offered HIV testing, but the barriers highlighted in this review may deter programs from achieving the final goal, which is linking migrants and ethnic minorities to HIV clinical care under the public health perspective.

OBJECTIVES. The goal of the study was to determine survival time after diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and to identify predictors of survival. METHODS. We conducted a population-based prospective survival analysis of all Massachusetts-resident adult AIDS patients diagnosed from January 1, 1979, through December 31, 1988. RESULTS. Median survival was 406 days, with a 5-year survival rate of 3%. Age older than 40 years (P = .001), a diagnosis other than Kaposi's sarcoma (P = .001), and a history of intravenous drug use (P < or = .01) were associated with shorter survival after confounding was controlled. Survival increased as year of diagnosis became more recent (P < .0001). This temporal effect was strongest for patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Individuals with Kaposi's sarcoma, Hispanics, homosexual men who were concurrent intravenous drug users, and residents of the greater Boston standard metropolitan statistical area, excluding the city of Boston, did not experience increases in survival over time. CONCLUSIONS. With the exception of cases initially defined by Kaposi's sarcoma, recently diagnosed AIDS case subjects survive longer than those diagnosed earlier in the epidemic. Further work is needed to determine whether this effect is due to lead-time bias or better treatment after diagnosis.

Volume 47, numéro 3, septembre 2002 URI : id.erudit.org/iderudit/008018ar

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El objeto de este texto es realizar un análisis sobre la situación de l@s alumn@s que residen en CP en relación a la educación inclusiva. Las personas que cumplen condena en una institución privativa de libertad están en situación de vulnerabilidad por lo que necesitan una mayor protección para conseguir la inclusión real y efectiva. La conclusión principal es que es inexistente la educación inclusiva en CP. Es necesario introducir las herramientas que el alumnado con necesidades de atención específicas precise, a modo de apoyos, generando visibilidad de la diversidad educativa, sin ningún tipo de discriminación y en igualdad con el resto de alumnado.