The high prevalence of reflux justifies ultrasound mapping of the saphenous veins in women with primary varicose veins. Correction of SFJ reflux, however, may be needed in

We documented early findings and venous reflux progression in a specific population of women with varicose veins, reticular veins and telangiectasias. GSV segmental reflux was most prevalent initially, progressing to GSV multisegmental reflux.

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US mapping of the GSV in women with telangiectasias is justifiable, even in asymptomatic extremities. Further research will determine if segmental reflux should be treated to avoid evolution to severe valvular insufficiency.

The fact that the labyrinths are positioned at approx. 3.5 cm from the head-centric axis leads to the generation of systematic radial acceleratory, or centrifugal, forces during physiological head rotations. Under physiological conditions, the forces exerted on the right and left maculae are generally assumed to be equal and opposite. In the present test, however, the subject was displaced eccentrically during constant angular velocity so that one labyrinth was aligned concentrically with the rotatory axis, whilst the other was exposed to the radial acceleration component generated by the chair rotation. In comparison with previous testing based on subjective setting of the visual vertical, three-dimensional eye movements were recorded in order to obtain an objective measure of the otolith-ocular response mechanisms in the brainstem. The results obtained from normal subjects demonstrate a predominant ocular counterroll (OCR) response to this asymmetric, or unilateral application of linear acceleration. The direction of the OCR response proved to be independent of direction of rotation. The findings demonstrate a symmetrical response magnitude for stimulation of the left and right maculae. In comparison with the OCR response to head-tilt, which can be described as critically damped, the time course of the present response appeared to be underdamped.

A reference database for USTC/USVH of normal young kidneys was created for future comparisons with transplanted and abnormal kidneys. Normal renal echoes have low brightness. Hyperechoic pixels may represent abnormalities.

Grayscale median of US images documenting femoropopliteal DVT correlated with (a) the time between symptoms onset and US examination and (b) the sonographers' interpretation of acute versus subacute thrombosis.

Number of pregnancies did not influence GSV reflux patterns in women with primary varicose veins.