Wetland salinization. Feeder creek at Bottle Bend Lagoon, a wetland near Midura, Australia, where inadequate water management in the past has led to salinization and acid sulfate soils.
La Laguna de Los Pozuelos se ubica al noroeste de la provincia de Jujuy (Argentina) a 3625 msnm. Fue designada Monumento Natural Nacional y Humedal de Importancia Internacional (Convención RAMSAR). Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar las variaciones espacio-temporales de la flora de diatomeas y su relación con variables fisicoquímicos y especies de la familia Phoenicopteridae. Se estudiaron muestras recolectadas en 4 campañas entre 2008-2010. Se determinaron un total de 116 taxones infragenéricos. Dieciocho especies tuvieron una frecuencia de ocurrencia superior al 50 %, 34 fueron exclusivas de la laguna, 32 del río Cincel (tributario de la laguna) y un 39 % fue observado una sola vez. La riqueza específica fue más variable en la laguna que en el río. El Análisis de Redundancia (RDA) realizado en base a las variables físico-químicas y composición diatomológica permitió diferenciar 3 grupos principales de especies, que se asociaron principalmente con la temperatura, salinidad y pH. Se registraron por primera vez 31 taxones para la laguna y 18 nuevas citas para la provincia de Jujuy.
The aims of this work were to describe the conservation status of riparian forests located in a mountain subtropical basin of Tucumán province, Argentina, and assess how the quality of riparian forests is related with altitude, plant species richness, proportion of exotic species, and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in adjacent rivers. Composition and species richness of riparian forests were studied at 16 sites located along an altitudinal gradient and TSS was determined from water samples collected in each site. In order to evaluate conservation status of riparian forests, we calculated an index of Quality of Yungas Riparian Forests (QBRy). We recorded 90 plant species at all sites, from which 77% were native. QBRy index was mainly associated with altitude and varied from riparian forests with good preservation or slightly disturbed to those with extreme degradation. At lower altitude, forests were more disturbed, more invaded by exotic plant species, and closer to urban and cropped areas. QBRy was not correlated with species richness or TSS. Like other riparian forests of Argentina, plant species invasion increased their degradation; therefore, future studies should focus on native riparian forests conservation and on the management of invasive plant species, which affect their quality.
Salinity of rivers is an expression of the concentration of salts dissolved in the water body. Secondary salinization is the increase in salinity of a water body as a result of human activity. Salinity may restrict the species composition of aquatic biota to tolerant species. In this study we analyzed benthic communities and their relationship with physicochemical variables in natural pristine systems and impacted environments. We collected benthic community samples using a D-net and water samples for laboratory major ions analysis. We noted a critical limit of electrical conductivity above 800µS/cm breaking up taxa pools of benthic macroinvertebrates. We observed that taxonomic richness is a sensitive indicator to detect effects of secondary salinization. We hypothesized that the monsoonal precipitation regime of the studied region is an important driver of environmental conditions for the benthic fauna since it regulates the concentration of major ions. The evidence collected shows that seasonal rainfall may affect differentially the benthic communities of Andean streams, improving the equitability below 800µS/cm in saline sites while changing the community structure from equitable to one dominated by a certain taxa in less saline locations.
The solubility equilibrium of calcite is influenced by physicochemical, climatic and biological factors. Annual cycles of exceptionally prolonged drought, in conjunction with naturally occurring diffuse organic pollution, generate the unique conditions for the precipitation of lithified carbonate structures (microbialites). The aim of this article is to analyze the possible implications of calcite precipitation produced in mats of Cladophora sp. in an Andean subtropical basin, considering it is the first time this phenomenon is described for the region. We collected samples from selected sites at the Lules River Basin, in four sampling dates between the years 2003 and 2004, within a monitoring work of 15 years. Samples were analyzed using an electron microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis. We found that Gomphonema sp. attached to Cladophora sp. contributes to precipitation of calcite and formation of microbialite like structures, in the studied area. This work presents an initial discussion of the discovery of microbialites-like structures attached to Cladophora sp. mats in a subtropical Andean stream and the environmental conditions that lead to their production, as well as the possible ecological implications of these microbialites.
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