The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of caries in 7-12-year-old children from Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil, in 1989 and 1995. Systematic random samples were drawn from the population of children enrolled in public schools. The surveys were carried out by trained examiners using the DMFT index and WHO diagnostic criteria. There was an increase in the percentage of children free of caries in the permanent dentition in all age groups (from 29 percent in 1989 to 51 percent in 1995). Amongst 12 year olds, the DMFT index was 3.8 in 1989 and 2.6 in 1995. Decreases were observed in the percentages of children classified in the 1-3 DMFT index category (from 40 percent in 1989 to 31 percent in 1995) and in the 4-6 DMFT index category (26.6 percent in 1989 to 16.5 percent in 1995). There was also a reduction in the percentage of children with a DMFT of 7 or more (4.4 percent in 1989 to 1.5 in 1995). The WHO/ FDI goal for the year 2000 of a mean DMFT index no more than 3 at the age of 12 years was achieved in this population, and on-going efforts should be made to reduce the percentage of children with caries in order to achieve the WHO/FDI goals for the year 2010.
OBJETIVO: avaliar a prevalência de maloclusões em escolares na faixa etária de cinco a 12 anos, matriculadas em escolas municipais de Araraquara. MÉTODO: com base no número total de crianças (7235) realizou-se o cálculo da amostragem, envolvendo sete escolas, num total de 3380 crianças. Um estudo piloto e a calibração dos examinadores precederam o início da pesquisa. Foram excluídas 1934 crianças da amostra por não atenderem aos critérios de inclusão. Na avaliação clínica, foram analisados, as relações inter-arcos nos sentidos transversal, vertical e sagital, a relação intra-arcos, o perfil e padrão de crescimento, a presença de assimetria, além de hábitos deletérios. RESULTADOS: da amostragem total (1446), 80,29% apresentou maloclusão, sendo mais prevalente no gênero feminino (81,34%) e na faixa etária de nove a 12 anos (82,52%). A relação dentária mais prevalente foi a de Classe I (63,27%), o padrão facial mais encontrado foi o Padrão I (92,87%). As alterações oclusais inter-arcos mais encontradas foram a mordida profunda e a mordida aberta, as alterações intra-arcos predominantes foram os diastemas e as giroversões. De acordo com o Teste Qui-quadrado não houve significância entre maloclusão e as variáveis: presença de hábito, assimetria, diastemas e padrão facial. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante na prevalência das variáveis: mordida aberta, mordida profunda, diastemas e dos hábitos de sucção (dedo, chupeta, mamadeira) e onicofagia quando comparada as duas faixas etárias estudadas. CONCLUSÃO: as maloclusões acometem a maior parte das crianças nessa faixa etária, tendo origem predominantemente dentária e com pouco ou nenhum comprometimento facial, evidenciando a necessidade da intervenção precoce.
Dental caries and the nutritional status of preschool children -a spatial analysisCárie dental e estado nutricional de pré-escolares -análise espacial
The Purpose of this study was to assess the periodontal conditions and treatment needs in 7-19-year-old Brazilian school children and adolescents enrolled in the urban public schools in Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil, in 1995, to provide baseline data for monitoring changes in their periodontal status. A sample of 1,956 school children and adolescents aged 7 to 19 years was examined by two examiners previously calibrated using the CPITN (Community Pe riodontal Index of Treatment Needs). The results showed that bleeding was the most frequently observed periodontal condition in all age groups, with a mean of 3.0 sextants affected at age 15. The presence of calculus increased with age. In the 15-19-year age group, calculus and shallow pockets (3.5-5.5 mm) were observed in 39.8 per cent and 1.6 per cent of the adolescents, respectively. In order to achieve the WHO oral health goal of no more than one sextant scoring GPITN 1 (bleeding) or 2 (presence of dental calculus) at age 15, priority should be focused on primary prevention programs to benefit the periodontal health of the majority.
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