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En la segunda mitad del siglo XIX la economía argentina se incorporó plenamente al mercado mundial como proveedora de materias primas de origen agropecuario, alcanzando elevadas tasas de crecimiento. Dicha expansión fue acompañada por un aumento en la demanda de mano de obra, cubierta centralmente a través de la inmigración. El objetivo del trabajo es determinar las consecuencias que tuvo la política migratoria sobre el mercado de trabajo en el periodo 1870-1930, en particular sobre los salarios reales. A partir de la caracterización del mercado laboral y del análisis de las migraciones, se concluye que los flujos migratorios determinaron a inicios del siglo XX un exceso de oferta de trabajo que repercutió negativamente sobre los salarios reales, provocando un desmejoramiento de la estructura distributiva.
This article aims at contributing to the current literature on poverty data limitations and measurement by discussing the process for producing the first multidimensional poverty measure based on the consensual approach for the City of Buenos Aires. The results show a remarkable level of consensus about the necessities of life in the twenty-first century, underline the importance of generating more suitable indicators of deprivation and show that unmet basic needs-type variables are no longer adequate for measuring poverty in countries like Argentina. According to the valid and reliable poverty index, 20.3% of the city’s population live in households in multidimensionally poor households, this being the social dimension that shows the highest deprivation rate.
-MODERN POLLEN AND VEGETATION IN THE LOW BASIN OF COLORADO RIVER, SOUTHWESTOF BUENOS AIRES PROVINCE, ARGENTINA. In order to determine modern analogues for fossil pollen sequences associated with archaeological sites in the lower Colorado river basin (southwest of Buenos Aires Province), the modern pollen-vegetation-climate relationships were evaluated. The study conducted through vegetation samples, pollen percentage diagrams and cluster analysis included surface samples, located at the northern and southern parts of the basin. Six plant communities (halophyte steppe, xerophytic woodland, grassland with xerophytic woodland elements, ruderal, halophiles/ gramineous grassland and hydrophytic) were determined. The pollen spectrum was dominated by Chenopodiaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae and Poaceae families. Most of the vegetation and pollen refl ected the local communities as part of the Espinal Province (Calden District), recording a greater infl uence from the Pampean region (Pampas grassland-Espinal ecotone) under sub humid-dry weather at north of the basin, and greater infl uence with the Monte Province (Monte-Espinal ecotone), linked to semi-arid climatic conditions to the south. Non-pollen microfossils (spores of fungi and algae) and taphonomic analysis complemented the study.Key words: modern pollen and vegetation, Colorado river basin, Buenos Aires, Argentina.RESUMO -Com a fi nalidade de identifi car análogos modernos para sequências polínicas fósseis relacionadas a sítios arqueológicos localizados na bacia inferior do rio Colorado (sudoeste da Província de Buenos Aires), a relação pólen atualvegetação-clima foi analisada. O presente trabalho foi realizado através de levantamentos fl orísticos da vegetação, diagramas polínicos de porcentagem e análise de agrupamento em amostras superfi ciais localizadas na parte norte e sul da bacia. Foram determinadas seis comunidades vegetais (estepe halófi ta, vegetação xerófi la, pastagens com elementos de vegetação xerófi la, comunidades ruderais, pastagem halófi ta/graminoide e hidrofíticas). As famílias mais representativas no espectro polínico foram Chenopodiaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae e Poaceae. A maior parte da vegetação e do pólen refl etiram as comunidades locais que fazem parte da Província do Espinal (Distrito do Caldén). Apresentando na parte norte da bacia uma grande infl uência da Região Pampeana (ecótono Espinal-pastagens pampeanas), associada às condições climáticas subúmidas secas, e na parte sul da bacia uma maior infl uência da Província do Monte (ecótono Monte-Espinal), relacionada às condições climáticas semiáridas. Microfósseis não polínicos (esporos de fungos e algas) e a análise dos aspectos tafonômicos completaram este estudo.Palavras-chave: pólen e vegetação modernos, bacia do rio Colorado,
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