Introducción: Los manglares son los mayores sumideros de carbono y contribuyen a mitigar los efectos del cambio climático global.Objetivo: Estimar la biomasa aérea (BA) del estero El Sargento y de la Bahía del Tóbari, para comparar los almacenes de carbono entre ambos lugares.Materiales y métodos: Las mediciones se realizaron en mayo de 2014 a noviembre de 2015. Las especies se identificaron, y el diámetro de árboles, altura y cobertura del dosel se midieron en 16 parcelas de 10 x 10 m. La BA se estimó con ecuaciones alométricas y se relacionó con el contenido de carbono mediante el factor 0.5. Las diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los contenidos de carbono de ambos sitios de estudio se detectaron con la prueba t para muestras independientes.Resultados y discusión: La BA en el estero El Sargento se estimó entre 108.1 y 316.78 Mg∙ha-1 con predominancia de Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn (60 %); en Bahía del Tóbari, la BA varió entre 72.12 y 130 Mg∙ha-1, prevaleciendo Avicennia germinans (L.) L (83.4 %). En los dos sitios se encontró Rhizophora mangle L. de manera marginal. El almacén total de carbono fue mayor en El Sargento (con un rango de 54.1 a 158.4 Mg C∙ha-1) que en Bahía del Tóbari (36.1 a 65.5 Mg C∙ha-1); la diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa (F = 0.01; P = 0.02).Conclusión: La diferencia en las reservas de carbono de los lugares de estudio se relaciona con el buen desarrollo y diversidad de especies de un medio ambiente prístino (El Sargento), en comparación con otro severamente impactado (Bahía del Tóbari).
RESUMENLa condensación de agua es una técnica que puede aprovecharse para mitigar la escasez de agua para consumo humano. Sin embargo, es necesario garantizar que tenga la calidad suficiente para utilizarse sin comprometer la salud del consumidor. En este trabajo se cuantificaron los elementos traza como As, Ba, Cu, Cd, Cr, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb y Zn, el potencial hidrógeno (pH) y la conductividad eléctrica (CE), en el agua condensada de la atmósfera en tres localidades de México. El agua se condensó con un prototipo que induce el punto de rocío a partir de la humedad atmosférica. Se obtuvieron un total de 108 muestras en los tres sitios de estudio, en dos épocas del año (lluvias y secas) y en dos turnos (diurno y nocturno). Los metales pesados se analizaron con un espectrofotómetro de plasma acoplado inductivamente (ICP-MS, por sus siglas en ingles). El pH y la CE se midieron con un potenciómetro/conductímetro. Se encontraron Pb, Fe y Cd en 91.66%, 58.33% y 33% de las muestras, respectivamente, en concentraciones que superan la norma de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) para agua destinada a consumo humano. El pH y la CE están dentro de los límites establecidos por el Departamento de Asuntos del Agua de Namibia. El contenido de metales traza en el agua condensada de la atmósfera cumple con los límites permisibles señalados por la OMS para la mayoría de los elementos analizados en este trabajo. ABSTRACTThe condensation of water vapor is a very useful technique in mitigating the scarcity of water resources for human consumption; however, the quality of this water must meet the highest standards to avoid becoming a health hazard. The present study quantifies trace elements such as As, Ba, Cu, Cd, Cr, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, and Zn, as well as pH and electrical conductivity (EC), in condensed atmospheric water vapor at three localities in Mexico. Atmospheric water vapor was condensed with an atmospheric water generator prototype. A total of 108 samples were obtained from three survey sites over the course of two seasons (wet and dry) during day/night shifts. The concentration of heavy metals was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The pH and EC parameters were measured with a potentiometer/conductometer. We found Pb, Fe, and Cd in 91.66, 58.33, and 33% of the samples, respectively, at concentrations exceeding those permitted by the World Health Organization (WHO) for water intended for human consumption. Both pH and EC were within the limits established by the Department of Water Affairs of Namibia. The concentrations of trace metals in condensed atmospheric water vapor samples were within the maximum permissible limits determined by WHO for most elements analyzed in this study.
Introduction: Mangroves provide environmental goods and services that mitigate climate change. Objective: To estimate the economic value of the carbon stock in the aboveground biomass of mangroves in Bahía del Tóbari (BT) and El Sargento in Sonora. Materials and methods: Field research were conducted in 2014 and 2015 in 16 plots (10 x 10 m). Biomass of Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn, Rhizophora mangle L. and Avicennia germinans(L.) L. was determined with specific allometric equations. Carbon stocks and avoided CO2e emissions were estimated with conversion factors 0.5 and 3.7, respectively; these data represented the 2015 baseline. The 2020 estimates included changes in mangrove cover. The economic value was determined using the marginal carbon abatement cost method. Results and discussion: The 2015 baseline indicated reserves of 52.1 MgC∙ha-1 and 191.2 tCO2e∙ha-1 for BT, and 71.7 MgC∙ha-1 and 263.2 tCO2e∙ha-1 for El Sargento. By 2020 avoided emissions of 69 368.2 tCO2e∙TA-1 (TA= 362.79 ha) were estimated for BT and 116 696tCO2e∙TA-1(TA = 468.32 ha) for El Sargento. Economic values of these emissions were 131 799.5 USD (World Bank) and 180 357.2 USD (voluntary carbon market) for BT and 221 722.2 USD (World Bank) and 303 409.4 USD (voluntary carbon market) for El Sargento. Conclusions: The highest estimates of C reserves and economic value were recorded at El Sargento. Compared to other studies in the region, both sites had higher avoided CO2e emissions.
This paper focuses on estimating the potential of the atmospheric conditions in the locality of Guásimas Sonora for the capture of atmospheric water. To achieve this goal, an automated meteorological station was installed to record the ambient temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and precipitation at the study site. According to the results obtained, the potential of the atmospheric conditions for the capture of water in the locality of Guásimas, in general, is medium. It presents a period of 20 to 30 days a year to capture atmospheric water with passive collectors and between 105 and 130 days during the year for the condensation of atmospheric water with active collectors.
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