A Bowden cable performance analysis, based on a Design of Experiments (DoE) is presented for orthosis applications. The need for analysing these cables is based on the construction of IKO (IKerlan's Orthosis) with five actuated degrees of freedom (DoF) to help the human arm. The aim is for an individual to be capable of lifting weight without any great effort using this exoskeleton, which should be portable and readily dressed (and, therefore, lightweight). In order to transmit the power from the actuators to the joints, Bowden cables are used due to their flexibility and light weight. Transmission performance has been analysed in terms of load loss and cable deformation in order to estimate actuator requirements and positioning accuracy. A test bench has been built to measure the cable deformation and load loss occurring between the two ends of the cable in different situations. This has been applied to cables with two different diameters and at different loads. The variables for which the effect has been analysed are weight, the angle formed by the cable at the point where it leaves the sheath, the cable flexion angle, cable length, cable flexion curvature radius and cable type.
Mots-clés :Roman africain anglophone, Brian Chikwava, hétéroglossie, fiction de variétés de l'anglais, étrangéité, visibilité du traducteur.Resumen: El objetivo de este artículo es llevar a cabo un análisis traductológico de la versión francesa de Harare North y reflexionar sobre los retos que tendría que afrontar la versión española en caso de ser realizada. Para ello, en un primer momento, las autoras identifican en el texto la polifonía de variedades ficticias de la lengua inglesa representadas a través del habla del protagonista y de los demás personajes -Zimbabwean Pidgin English, broken English, lengua normalizada hablada en las instituciones británicas e inglés caribeño hablado en Brixton-y, posteriormente, analizan las equivalencias de dichos registros en el texto meta francés y en un posible texto meta español. El resultado de este análisis permite determinar el grado de extrañamiento de la versión francesa, que respondería a lo que Ricoeur denomina "traducción ética", así como proponer una traducción en español con un mayor grado de extrañamiento, coherente con la heteroglosia del texto original. Palabras clave: Novela africana anglófona, Brian Chikwava, heteroglosia, ficción de variedades del inglés, extrañamiento, visibilidad del traductor. Abstract: This article examines the French translation of Harare North and proposes a Spanish translation, reflecting on the challenges that both versions pose for translators. To this end, we commence by identifying the polyphony of fictional varieties of English represented in the speech of the hero and the other characters -Zimbabwean Pidgin English, broken English, Standard British English and the English spoken by the Afro-Caribbean community in Brixton (London). We then examine the equivalences of these fictional registers in French and in a proposed Spanish translation. The outcome of our analysis is to shed light on the degree of foreignization of the French version, which would meet Ricoeur's concern with the ethics of translation, as well as present a more foreignising Spanish translation, consistent with the source text's heteroglossia. Keywords: Anglophone African novel, Brian Chikwava, heteroglossia, fictions of varieties of English, foreignization, translator's visibility. JEUX EN LANGUE MATERNELLE ET TRADUCTION : HARARE NORTH DE L'ANGLAIS VERS L'ESPAGNOLLandry-Wilfrid Miampika (2003) avertit sur la complexité du texte source abordé par le traducteur de littérature africaine : « merece la pena recordar que el texto africano -como muchos de los textos poscoloniales-es un texto híbrido, o mestizo, donde se entremezclan juegos formales, modos narrativos y transgresiones lingüísticas de distintas tradiciones literarias, sean orales o escritas ».1 Un avertissement qui est en rapport avec le concept bakhtinien d'hétéroglossie propre au texte littéraire, spécialement évident dans le genre narratif. Dans le cas concret du roman africain, cette hétéroglossie se matérialise dans un même texte polyphonique sous forme de dialogues qui jouent, déforment ou stylis...
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