Gastric cancer incidence and mortality decreased substantially over the last decades in most countries worldwide, with differences in the trends and distribution of the main topographies across regions. To monitor recent mortality trends (1980-2011) and to compute short-term predictions (2015) of gastric cancer mortality in selected countries worldwide, we analysed mortality data provided by the World Health Organization. We also analysed incidence of cardia and non-cardia cancers using data from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (2003-2007). The joinpoint regression over the most recent calendar periods gave estimated annual percent changes (EAPC) around À3% for the European Union (EU) and major European countries, as well as in Japan and Korea, and around À2% in North America and major Latin American countries. In the United States of America (USA), EU and other major countries worldwide, the EAPC, however, were lower than in previous years. The predictions for 2015 show that a levelling off of rates is expected in the USA and a few other countries. The relative contribution of cardia and non-cardia gastric cancers to the overall number of cases varies widely, with a generally higher proportion of cardia cancers in countries with lower gastric cancer incidence and mortality rates (e.g. the USA, Canada and Denmark). Despite the favourable mortality trends worldwide, in some countries the

The systematic assessment of large population-based surveys addressing the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection may provide robust evidence for understanding the trends in the exposure to this major risk factor across settings with distinct patterns of gastric cancer variation. Our aim was to describe the prevalence of H. pylori infection in different countries and periods, through systematic review of the literature. We searched PubMed from inception up to September 2013 to identify original studies reporting on the prevalence of H. pylori, and only those evaluating samples with national coverage were included. We identified 37 eligible studies including data for 22 countries. The prevalences were higher in Central/South America and Asia, and at least two-fold higher in countries with high gastric cancer incidence. In most countries presenting data for different time periods, the prevalences were usually lower in the most recent surveys. However, there was little variation in settings where prevalences were already low. Among countries with high prevalence of H. pylori infection there is an ample scope for reducing its burden in the next decades, whereas further declines in settings with already low prevalences will require more intensive efforts.

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Among women, lung cancer mortality rates have surpassed those for breast cancer in several countries. This reflects the breast cancer mortality declines due to access to screening and effective treatment alongside the entrance of certain countries in stages of the tobacco epidemic in which smoking becomes more prevalent in women. In this study, we project lung and breast cancer mortality until 2030 in 52 countries. Cancer mortality data were obtained from the WHO Mortality Database. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), per 100,000, were calculated (direct method) for 2008 to 2014 and projected for the years 2015, 2020, 2025, and 2030 using a Bayesian log-linear Poisson model. In 52 countries studied around the world, between 2015 and 2030, the median ASMR are projected to increase for lung cancer, from 11.2 to 16.0, whereas declines are expected for breast cancer, from 16.1 to 14.7. In the same period, the ASMR will decrease in 36 countries for breast cancer and in 15 countries for lung cancer. In half of the countries analyzed, and in nearly three quarters of those classified as high-income countries, the ASMR for lung cancer has already surpassed or will surpass the breast cancer ASMR before 2030. The mortality for lung and breast cancer is higher in high-income countries than in middle-income countries; lung cancer mortality is lower in the latter because the tobacco epidemic is not yet widespread. Due to these observed characteristics of lung cancer, primary prevention should still be a key factor to decrease lung cancer mortality. The mortality for lung and breast cancer is projected to be higher in high-income countries than in middle-income countries, where lung cancer mortality is expected to surpass breast cancer mortality before 2030. .

ASTAdeli AIM This systematic review and meta-analysis presents an overview of the efficacy of suit therapy on functioning in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP).METHOD A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted. A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed articles was performed on electronic databases, from their inception to May 2014. Studies included were rated for methodological quality using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. Effects of suit therapy on functioning were assessed using metaanalytic techniques.RESULTS From the 46 identified studies, four met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Small, pooled effect sizes were found for gross motor function at posttreatment (g=0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.10-0.82) and follow-up (g=0.47, 95% CI 0.03-0.90). INTERPRETATIONThe small number of studies, the variability between them, and the low sample sizes are limitations of this review. Findings suggest that to weigh and balance benefits against harms, clinicians, patients, and families need better evidence to examine and prove the effects of short intensive treatment such as suit therapy on gross motor function in children and adolescents with CP. Therefore, more research based on high-quality studies focusing on functioning in all dimensions of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health perspective is necessary to clarify the impact of suit therapy.Cerebral palsy (CP) designates a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture, which causes activity limitations. These disorders are attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occur in the developing fetal or infant brain, and are often accompanied by other conditions such as: (1) disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition, communication, and behaviour; (2) epilepsy; and (3) secondary musculoskeletal problems. 1 In the general population, the estimated prevalence is two in every 1000 live births. 2,3 From an International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health perspective (ICF), CP affects a person's 'functioning', inclusive of body structures and functions, activities, and participation, which may in turn cause 'disabilities' such as impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. 4 The limitations in activity require individual rehabilitation throughout the lifespan. 5 Rehabilitation in children with CP aims to minimize the effect of physical impairments, promote independence, and improve the quality of life of children and their families who play a major role in the process. 6,7 The process of rehabilitation is influenced by the clinical type and severity of the CP, the existence of additional disabilities (e.g. visual, auditory, or cognitive), emotional problems, the physiological age of the child, and the family's socioeconomic status. 8 The management of motor disability in CP includes physical therapy and a wide spectrum of other therapeutic interventions. 9 Physical therapy focuses on function, movement...