Atividades experimentais nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental:ferramenta metodológica para a construção do processo de ensinoaprendizagem Experimental activities in the early years of elementary school: a methodological tool for construction of the teaching-learning process AbstractFocusing on the early years of elementary school, this study evaluated the impact of experimental activities based in the scientific method and preconceptions on the learning and memorization of concepts and phenomena associated with the fermentation process. The different activities were carried out through an experimental course (20hs), with students of elementary school from school municipal Diacono Joao Luiz Pozzobon, Santa Maria-RS. The research involved 20 students, with 6 and 7 old years. The evaluation was performed by comparing the interview responses made before the course (pre-test) and after the course (post-test). The post-tests were applied at the end of the experimental course, and after 6 and 12 months. The experimental activities facilitated the acquisition and retention of new concepts. The data show that "experimental activities" can be used by teachers in early grades as a methodological tool to complement the teaching-learning process. Keywords: experimental activities; fermentation; elementary school ResumoCom foco nos anos iniciais, este estudo avaliou o impacto de atividades experimentais baseadas no método científico e nas preconcepções das crianças sobre a aprendizagem de conceitos e fenômenos associados ao processo de Fermentação. Foi realizado um curso experimental (20hs) com 20 estudantes do 1º e 2º ano da Escola Municipal da Escola Municipal Diácono João Luiz Pozzobon na cidade de Santa Maria-RS, com idades entre 6 e 7 anos. Os resultados foram avaliados pela comparação das respostas de entrevistas realizadas antes do curso (pré-teste) e depois do curso (pós-teste), sendo os pós-testes aplicados no final do curso experimental, 6 e 12 meses depois. Observou-se que as atividades desenvolvidas facilitaram a aquisição e a construção de novos conceitos e causaram mudanças nas concepções prévias dos alunos. Os dados mostram que "atividades experimentais" podem ser usadas como ferramenta metodológica para auxiliar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem nesse nível de escolaridade.Palavras-chave: atividades experimentais; fermentação; ensino fundamental
Smoking is considered to be a chronic disease caused by the nicotine dependence. The passive smoking is the leading cause of childhood respiratory disease. This research aimed to evaluate the conceptions that 2nd year-students of the Elementary School of two public schools at Guarapuava-PR, aging between 6 and 8 years, have about cigarettes and passive smoking. The work was performed at three moments: (1) without a preliminary intervention, the students answered a semi-structured questionnaire composed of 5 questions on cigarette and passive smoking (Pre-test, PT); (2) the students participated of activities where they saw an educational video and read a comic book whose theme dealt with the influence of the cigarette and the physiology of the respiratory system; (3) after 1 week and after 1 month, the students answered the same questionnaire offered in the PT (called respectively post-test 1 week, PTS, and post-test 1 month, PTM). More than 50% of students said they live with smokers at home. Children who answered did not know the cigarette answered otherwise following the thematic approaches. Children who answered to stay close to smokers answered otherwise following the thematic approaches. More than 60% of students answered that teacher do not address the cigarettes and passive smoking topic in the classroom, but they changed their responses after the thematic approach. The conceptions of children relating cigarette use to lung damage increased. This study showed that the approaches taken at schools with children who study in the initial grades of elementary school were effective.
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