The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of ethyl acetate as a solvent in the extraction of macauba kernel oil (MKO) using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). It was shown that more MKO oil could be extracted with the use of larger amounts of solvent, higher temperatures and longer extraction times. Thus the maximum oil yield (40.61%) was obtained by UAE at 60 °C for 45 min, using a solvent to kernel ratio of 12 (mL g-1), obtaining a higher yield than that obtained with n-hexane under the same experimental conditions. UAE was favorable for this oil extraction (p < 0.05), presenting a yield close to that reported for classical extraction but with a shorter extraction time and smaller solvent volume. Lauric acid corresponded to ~44% of the MKO composition. The oils presented low free fatty acid contents (<0.80% wt), and the phytosterols, campesterol and β-sitosterol, were identified in the MKO with higher levels in the oil obtained by UAE.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature, solvent (ethanol):sample ratio, and time on the extraction of oil, carotenoids, and phytosterols from a mixture of different macauba fruit parts (kernel and pulp). To achieve this aim, a Box-Behnken experimental design and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) How to cite this article: da Rosa ACS, Stevanato N, dos Santos Garcia VA, da Silva C. Simultaneous extraction of the oil from the kernel and pulp of macauba fruit using a green solvent. J

The present work aims to produce oral films (OFs) based on pre-gelatinized starch with incorporation of cinnamon essential oil (CEO). For this purpose, the effectiveness of ultrasound in incorporating the CEO into the filmogenic solution was evaluated, in comparison with the use of magnetic stirring. The OFs were characterized in relation to physical properties, disintegration time, surface pH and total phenolic compounds content. In general, all formulations showed film-forming capacity, however, the distribution of the CEO in the polymer matrix was not efficient, regardless of the incorporation method used. The OFs had a disintegration time <32.17 seconds and the surface pH remained close to the oral pH, regardless of the formulation. All formulations produced with the CEO addition can be considered sources of total phenolic compounds, with the highest concentration observed (86.17±2.53 mg 100 g-1 OF) being produced by ultrasound. OFs based on pre-gelatinized starch can be considered an innovative way for the delivery of cinnamon essential oil, as a source of total phenolic compounds.