Eucalyptus species constitutes the most widely planted hardwood trees in temperate and subtropical regions. In this study, we compared the transcript levels of genes involved in lignocellulose formation such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin biosynthesis in two selected 3-year old hybrid Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis) genotypes (AM063 and AM380) that have different lignin content. AM063 and AM380 had 20.2 and 35.5% of Klason lignin content and 59.0 and 48.2%, α-cellulose contents, respectively. We investigated the correlation between wood properties and transcript levels of wood formation-related genes using RNA-seq with total RNAs extracted from developing xylem tissues at a breast height. Transcript levels of cell wall construction genes such as cellulose synthase (CesA) and sucrose synthase (SUSY) were almost the same in both genotypes. However, AM063 exhibited higher transcript levels of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and xyloglucan endotransglucoxylase than those in AM380. Most monolignol biosynthesis-related isozyme genes showed higher transcript levels in AM380. These results indicate monolignol biosynthesis-related genes may regulate wood composition in Eucalyptus. Flavonoids contents were also observed at much higher levels in AM380 as a result of the elevated transcript levels of common phenylpropanoid pathway genes, phenylalanine ammonium lyase, cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H) and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL). Secondary plant cell wall formation is regulated by many transcription factors. We analyzed genes encoding NAC, WRKY, AP2/ERF, and KNOX transcription factors and found higher transcript levels of these genes in AM380. We also observed increased transcription of some MYB and LIM domain transcription factors in AM380 compared to AM063. All these results show that genes related to monolignol biosynthesis may regulate the wood composition and help maintain the ratio of cellulose and lignin contents in Eucalyptus plants.

BackgroundWood basic density (WBD), the biomass of plant cell walls per unit volume, is an important trait for elite tree selection in kraft pulp production. Here, we investigated the correlation between WBD and wood volumes or wood properties using 98 open-pollinated, 2.4 to 2.8 year-old hybrid Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis). Transcript levels of lignocellulose biosynthesis-related genes were studied.ResultsThe progeny plants had average WBD of 516 kg/m3 with normal distribution and did not show any correlations between WBD and wood volume or components of α-cellulose, hemicellulose and Klason lignin content. Transcriptomic analysis of two groups of five plants each with high (570–609 kg/m3) or low (378–409 kg/m3) WBD was carried out by RNA-Seq analysis with total RNAs extracted from developing xylem tissues at a breast height. Lignocellulose biosynthesis-related genes, such as cellulose synthase, invertase, cinnamate-4-hydroxylase and cinnamoyl-CoA reductase showed higher transcript levels in the high WBD group. Among plant cell wall modifying genes, increased transcript levels of several expansin and xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase/hydrolase genes were also found in high WBD plants. Interestingly, strong transcript levels of several cytoskeleton genes encoding tubulin, actin and myosin were observed in high WBD plants. Furthermore, we also found elevated transcript levels of genes encoding NAC, MYB, basic helix-loop-helix, homeodomain, WRKY and LIM transcription factors in the high WBD plants. All these results indicate that the high WBD in plants has been associated with the increased transcription of many genes related to lignocellulose formation.ConclusionsMost lignocellulose biosynthesis related genes exhibited a tendency to transcribe at relatively higher level in high WBD plants. These results suggest that lignocellulose biosynthesis-related genes may be associated with WBD.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-018-1371-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

This paper reports a case of peritonitis caused by Trichosporon beigelii in a woman submitted to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Diagnosis was established by direct examination and culture of dialysis effluent.

Two cases of peritonitis caused by Acremonium kiliense in patients receiving a continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis treatment are reported. Diagnosis was established by direct examination and cultures of dialysis effluent, secretion of catheter-exit-site and from the tip of the catheter. Management of fungal peritonitis includes catheter removal, since in this infection the result of systemic antifungal therapy is inconsistent.

This paper reports a case of infection due to Histoplasma capsulatum apparently restricted to the peritoneum in a woman submitted to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Diagnosis was established by direct examination and culture of dialysis effluent. Although the state of Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost in Brazil, is not considered a region of high endemicity for histoplasmosis, this is the second case of infection occurring in a patient during CAPD.

ResumoAliada à expansão da internet surge um debate ético sobre o uso de softwares piratas que se transformou em uma prática recorrente e que consiste num problema de difícil controle em escala global. Além de questões éticas, as pessoas podem utilizar softwares piratas devido ao sentimento de justiça e pela influência das outras pessoas. Assim, os objetivos do estudo são compreender a influência da percepção de justiça (recíproca, processual e distributiva) e da norma subjetiva sobre a atitude em relação à pirataria; identificar como a justiça e a norma subjetiva se relacionam com a intenção de uso de softwares piratas; identificar a relação entre atitude e intenção de uso. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva, com 395 estudantes. Os resultados, analisados através da Modelagem de Equações Estruturais, demonstraram que: justiça recíproca e justiça processual influenciam significativamente a atitude e a intenção de uso; e, a norma subjetiva impacta significativamente na atitude. O estudo de softwares falsificados é relevante para as organizações e demais atores envolvidos, ao passo que a pirataria resulta em grandes prejuízos, especialmente, para as indústrias, governo, consumidores e sociedade. Estratégias estão sendo formuladas, pelo governo, para tentar impedir essa prática ilegal. No entanto, cabe salientar que o entendimento do comportamento do consumidor de produtos pirateados pode contribuir para a redução dos níveis de pirataria, ao identificar os fatores que determinam a utilização de itens falsificados. AbstractWith internet expansion the use of pirated software on a global scale arises and become a problem difficult to control. So the ethical debate over the use of pirated software is relevant.In addition to ethical issues, people can use pirated software because of the sense of justice and the influence of others. Thus, the study objectives are understand the influence of perceived fairness (reciprocal procedural and distributive) and subjective norm on attitude toward piracy, identify how justice and subjective norm relate to the intended use of pirated software, identify the relationship between attitude and intention to use. For both, was performed a descriptive survey with 395 students. The results, analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling show that: reciprocal justice and procedural justice significantly influence the attitude and intention to use, and subjective norm significantly impacts the attitude. The study of piracy in softwares is relevant to organizations and other stakeholders, because of piracy results in large losses, especially for industries, government, consumers and society.Strategies are being formulated by the government to try to stop this illegal practice.However, it should be noted that the understanding of consumer behavior pirated products can help reduce the levels of piracy, to identify the factors that determine the use of counterfeit items. IntroduçãoQuestões éticas têm sido discutidas em vários campos, especialmente nos negócios.Discussões a cerca da propri...

Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender as relações entre as práticas de assédio moral e as estratégias de enfrentamento adotadas na opinião de servidores técnico-administrativos em educação de uma Instituição Pública de Ensino Superior. Para tanto, optou-se pela realização de um levantamento (Survey) com servidores TAEs. A etapa de coleta de dados consistiu na aplicação de um questionário de pesquisa dividido em três partes: dados sociodemográficos e socioprofissionais; Questionário de Atos Negativos (NAQ-R) e; Escala Toulousaine de Coping (ETC-R). Observou-se algumas relações entre as práticas de assédio moral e as estratégias de enfrentamento (coping). O aspecto Assédio Relacionado ao Trabalho se relacionou com as Estratégias de Recusa, Isolamento e Distração.

RESUMOEste trabalho tem por objetivo colaborar para o entendimento do fenômeno das migrações humanas, bem como das redes e das etapas dos processos de acolhimento de imigrantes na cidade de São Paulo, analisando brevemente o papel desempenhado por organizações da sociedade civil. Para isso, pesquisaram-se quais são as caracterís-ticas atuais do fenômeno no território brasileiro. Por fim, realizou-se um trabalho de campo em que foram entrevistados 14 estrangeiros, sendo nove imigrantes e cinco refugiados, a partir do qual foi possível traçar algumas redes de apoio e identificar maneiras pelas quais são construídas relações com indivíduos, famílias e instituições. Concluímos que as organizações da sociedade civil desempenham um importante papel na socialização e assistência tanto do refugiado em situação de vulnerabilidade social quanto do imigrante de altos estratos socioeconômicos, na sua fixação na cidade de São Paulo. Outros fatores relevantes identificados foram: os laços familiares, a condição socioeconômica prévia à chegada e as redes de compatriotas, oportunidades nas quais os sujeitos podem recriar suas identidades sociais e os sentimentos de pertença, conforme adesão da análise discursiva proposta por Fairclough.Palavras-chave: imigração; territórios identitários, redes de pertencimento, São Paulo, deslocamento.1 Mestranda em Administração -PPGA/UFSM email-ana.claudiadarosaa@gmail.com 2 Mestranda em Design -UFRGS email-gabiguarienti@gmail.com 3 Doutorando em Administração -PPGA -UFSM email-matheusmarquetto@yahoo.com.br 4 Mestrando em Administração -PPGA -UFSM email-julianogarciamg@gmail.com 5 Mestre em Administração -PPGA -UFSM -Professora Substituta da UFSM email-analuiza.rfacco@gmail.com 6 Graduanda em Administração 8o semestre -UFSM email-laisvtrevisan@gmail.com 7 Graduado em Administração -UFSM email-uacarboni@gmail.com 8 Mestre em Administração -PPGA -UFSM email-jaquelinesilinske@gmail.com 9 Graduanda em Administração -UFSM email-amanda.m1713@yahoo.com.br 10 Graduanda em Administração -UFSM email-ana.claudiadarosaa@gmail.com 11 Professora da UFSM email-marciazg@gmail.com 12 Professora da UFSM email-luttibattistella@gmail.com 13 Professora da UFSM email-marlimatiko@yahoo.com.br Oliver (1997) to measure the quality of the SERVQUAL Scale proposed by Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry (1998)