The struggle of Indigenous Peoples for historical justice and reparation has gained visibility with the truth commissions' work in Brazil and Canada. Their final reports confirmed the Canadian and Brazilian states' responsibility for the genocide of thousands of Indians. To start a reconciliation process, several redress recommendations were made, but never fully accomplished. We observed repeated violence acts against Indigenous Peoples in both countries more than five years after these recommendations were published. The purpose of this article is to evaluate, from the Critical Studies of Transitions’ perspective, the reconciling and reparative scope of the Truth Commissions of Brazil and Canada and to analyze the difficulties of implementing their recommendations. We show that despite promises to transform colonial relations, these Truth Commissions have been unable to address the past and the continuity of structural violence affecting Indigenous Peoples.
Com o propósito de contribuir para o debate sobre descolonização a partir da perspectiva dos Povos Indígenas, apresentamos a noção de Resurgence elaborada por Taiaiake Alfred, um dos mais importantes pensadores indígenas do Canadá. Alfred propõe sua noção de Resurgence como uma estratégia de rompimento com as relações coloniais de poder que incidem sobre a capacidade dos Povos Indígenas viverem e se desenvolverem de acordo com os seus próprios sistemas de pensamento. Veremos que, além de questionar a dominação colonial, a noção de Resurgence, ancorada nas experiências milenares e na sabedoria dos Povos Indígenas, mostra como preparar o caminho e criar as condições necessárias para uma verdadeira descolonização.
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