Morphological studies of the oropharyngeal cavity of chelonians have become an interesting tool in the understanding of evolutionary processes associated with feeding habits in aquatic animals and the transition from aquatic to terrestrial forms. In this context, the aim of the present study was to describe the oropharyngeal cavity floor morphology of hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) hatchlings. Ten dead hatchlings of undefined sex were obtained from nests hatched on the coast of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The heads of each specimen were fixed, dissected, and analyzed at the macroscopic and microscopic levels. The oropharyngeal cavity floor of the hawksbill sea turtle hatchlings is formed by the tongue, pharynx, floor muscles, and hyolingual skeleton, delimited in the rostral and lateral directions by a keratinized beak, called the rhamphotheca, and in the caudal region at the limit between the pharynx and the esophagus. The tongue muscles and the muscles that support the floor of the oral cavity comprise the following: m. hypoglossohyoideus, m. hypoglossoglossus, m. hyoglossus, m. genioglossus, m. constrictor laryngis, m. geniohyoideus pars lateralis, and m. intermandibularis. The oropharyngeal cavity floor mucosa is
Para que os vertebrados vivíparos, incluindo as aves que possuem seu desenvolvimento embrionário dentro do ovo tenham condições de sobreviver no período embrionário, esses necessitam de anexos embrionários (âmnio, cório, alantoide e saco vitelínico). Apesar de ser um assunto relevante, ainda não havia levantamento literário que demonstrasse a disposição, formação, função, utilização em linhas de pesquisa e aspectos específicos desses anexos nas mais diversas aves, tendo isso em vista, o objetivo dessa revisão é fazer esse levantamento. Assim, a mesma apresenta um estudo de pesquisa bibliográfica do tipo qualitativo com características descritivas e forneceu informações que auxiliam na compreensão de vários mecanismos durante a formação do embrião e o progresso do desenvolvimento dentro do ovo, como perspectiva futura espera-se que essa pesquisa sirva de impulso para que novas pesquisas na área sejam desenvolvidas que possam também promover o desenvolvimento científico.
Bezoares são estruturas sólidas encontradas no trato gastrointestinal, que são formadas por agregação de material não digerível resultado da ingestão repetida, podendo ter um núcleo de cabelo ou pelos. Causando sinais clínicos resultantes de processos obstrutivos, intussuscepção, enteropatias e perfurações, geralmente, seus sinais são inespecíficos e depende da localização e grau de obstrução. Desta forma, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar a presença de um tricobezoar gástrico em um exemplar de cateto (Pecari tajacu) criado em cativeiro. O animal é proveniente do Centro de Multiplicação em Animais Silvestres (CEMAS) da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), este animal fazia parte de um projeto, no qual deveria ser feito o acompanhamento gestacional, sendo necessário a realização de ultrassonografia, porém, com o exame não foram observadas estruturas compatíveis com prenhes, mas durante o exame físico foi palpado na região abdominal uma massa de consistência firme. Como medida de controle, o animal foi submetido a eutanásia e realizado exame necroscópico. Ao acessar a cavidade abdominal foi possível notar volume alterado no estômago e a presença de um corpo estranho, com forma circular, e com posterior incisão da câmara gástrica foi verificada a presença de uma estrutura oval, cobertas por matéria vegetal e com presença de pelo em seu núcleo, com coloração que variava do verde a tonalidades de preto. Por meio destes achados e junto ao levantamento bibliográfico, conclui-se que se trata de um tricobezoar gástrico.
The greater rhea, Rhea americana , is a wild ratite of high scientific importance and significant and zootechnical value, especially considering the current development state of Brazilian poultry production, where research aimed at increasing the productivity of these animals has become extremely relevant. Studies concerning fetal attachments and embryonic development are paramount, as they can provide essential information concerning reproductive and nutritional animal management. However, a lack of information on greater rhea fetal morphology is noted. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to establish a standard model for fetal attachments in this species. Greater rhea eggs were incubated from 0 to 36 days, and macroscopic and microscopic embryonic attachment characterizations were performed. Histologically, all embryonic annexes exhibit germ layers, namely the ectoderm (outer layer), mesoderm (middle layer) and endoderm (inner layer). The findings indicate that greater rhea development patterns are similar to other birds.
Rodents can present a large number of morphophysiological variations of the digestive system, allowing them to feed on different diets. In this context, the objective was to describe the morphology of the major salivary glands of Galea spixii. Gross dissection, light microscopy and transmission and scanning electron microscopy assessments of 12 specimens were carried out. The results demonstrate that the G. spixii has four pairs of major salivary glands (parotid, mandibular, zygomatic and sublingual). The glands are lobulated, composed acinar, consisting of mucous and serous acini, with the predominant parotid gland being serous and the zygomatic gland mucous. The mandibular and sublingual glands are mixed. The glands secrete acidic and neutral mucins and commonly present intercalary, striated and excretory ducts. The ultrastructure of the acinar cells suggests the presence of great cellular activity, with a cytoplasm taken by a rough endoplasmic reticulum, many mitochondria, vesicles of electrolucent nature and dispersed chromatin. In conclusion, the major salivary glands of G. spixii are constituted of mucous and serous acini, with serous acini predominant in the mandibular areas. The data also suggest that these rodents may adopt different types of diets, which may explain their adaptability to semi‐arid environments.
Morphological studies concerning the digestive system can further information on animal diets, thus aiding in the understanding of feeding behavior. Given the scarcity of information on sea turtle digestive system morphology, the aim of the present study was to describe the digestive tube (DT) morphology of Eretmochelys imbricata hatchlings to further understand the diet of these individuals in the wild. DT samples from 10 stillborn turtles (undefined sex) were analyzed at the macro and microscopic levels. The esophagus, stomach, small intestine (SI), and large intestine (LI) are described. Histologically, the DT is formed by four tunics, the mucosa, submucosa, muscular, and adventitia or serosa. The esophagus is lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, while the remainder of the DT is lined by a simple columnar epithelium. The esophagus mucosa is marked by conical, pointed papillae. The stomach comprises three regions, the cardiac, fundic, and pyloric and is covered by neutral mucous granular cells. The intestinal mucosa presents absorptive cells with microvilli, neutral and acidic goblet cells, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. The SI is significantly longer than the LI (p value = 0.006841). These morphological findings are strong indications of adaptations to a carnivorous diet in this hawksbill turtle age group.
The determination of arterial vascular distribution patterns can contribute to more detailed knowledge on arterial systems. In this context, the aim of the present study was to describe the collateral aortic branches in the collared peccary, aiming to define a standard model for this species, providing information through comparative anatomy for analysis of some evolutionary aspects of the order Artiodactyla. Ten young male animals were employed. The vascular system was washed with a saline solution and then perfused with Neoprene 450 latex coloured with red or yellow pigment, followed by collateral aorta branch dissections and analyses. The contrasted digital radiography technique was applied to two animals, which were initially perfused with a barium sulphate solution (1 g/ml) and Neoprene 450 latex at a 1:3 ratio, and subsequently, the digital radiographic examination was performed. The aortic arch of the collared peccary emitted the brachiocephalic trunk and the left subclavian artery, while eight symmetric pairs of dorsal intercostal arteries originated from the thoracic aorta. The abdominal aorta, in turn, exhibited the celiac, cranial mesenteric, renal, caudal mesenteric, testicular, external iliac, internal iliac and sacral arteries as the collateral branches in all studied animals. Therefore, no relevant variations were observed regarding the arrangement of the arterial distribution of the aorta, thus suggesting a static standard model in the collared peccary.
Mammary carcinomas are common malignant tumors encompassing the main diagnostic mammary gland tumor cause in female dogs and cats. Few reports in wild animals are, however, available. In this context, this study aimed to characterize the clinical and histological aspects of a mammary tubular carcinoma case in a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). A four-year-old non-spayed female guinea pig was seen at a veterinary clinic in the municipality of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Upon clinical examination, the animal was active, with a normal body condition, weighing 660 grams, hydrated, and presenting normal-colored mucous membranes. Increased left breast volume was observed, about 3.5 cm in diameter, non-adherent and with an ulcerated surface located medially to the mammary papilla, about 1.8 cm in diameter. The observed clinical findings indicated a presumptive neoplastic lesion diagnosis. A unilateral mastectomy was performed (left breast) and breast tissue fragments were histologically evaluated, confirming the tubular mammary carcinoma diagnosis. The surgical procedure and post-surgical treatment recommended in this report were proven efficient. Knowledge of diseases that affect non-conventional pets, such as the tubular mammary carcinoma reported herein, is paramount in improving the quality of life of these animals.
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