Context: New antileishmanias are needed because of toxicity, high cost and resistance problems associated with available drugs. Nectandra (Lauraceae) produces several classes of compounds but its essential oil has not previously been reported to have antileishmania activity.Objective: We evaluated the cytotoxicity and antileishmania activity of essential oils from Nectandra amazonum Nees, N. gardneri Meisn., N. hihua (Ruiz & Pav.) Rohwer and N. megapotamica (Spreng.) Mez.Materials and methods:Nectandra oils were extracted from stem bark/leaves by hydrodistillation and compounds were identified by GC-MS. Oils were tested against Leishmania infantum and L. amazonensis intracellular amastigotes and nitric oxide production was evaluated. Cytotoxicity was achieved on NIH/3T3 and J774.A1 cells for the selectivity index (SI).Results and discussion:Nectandra gardneri was active against L. infantum and L. amazonensis (IC50 =  2.7 ± 1.3/2.1 ± 1.06 μg/mL) and contained 85.4% sesquiterpenes, of which 58.2% was intermediol. Besides low cytotoxicity (SI >11.3), N. gardneri induced a significant increase in NO production by L. infantum-infected macrophages. Nectandra hihua had the best activity on L. infantum amastigotes (IC50 =  0.2 ± 1.1 μg/mL). This oil was 89.0% sesquiterpenes, with 28.1% bicyclogermacrene. The two specimens of N. megapotamica had different activities on amastigotes. The one richer in sesquiterpenes (49.9%) was active against both species (IC50 =  12.5 ± 1.4/21.3 ± 1.2) and had phenylpropanoid E-asarone as the main compound (42.4%). Nectandra amazonum showed moderate activity on both the species (IC50 =  31.9 ± 2.0/22.1 ± 1.3 μg/mL) and low selectivity (0.9 < SI >2.6), probably due to the major presence of β-caryophyllene (28.5%).Conclusions: Our data identify compounds that can now be isolated and used for the development of new antileishmanias.

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar como ocorre o processo de efetivação das Políticas Públicas voltadas às mulheres quilombolas no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, destacando o racismo institucional vivenciado por esse segmento. Foram entrevistadas mulheres e lideranças quilombolas do RS e as entrevistas foram analisadas com base na análise de discurso de Bardin. Nesse contexto, pode-se observar as formas de resistência pelas mulheres quilombolas, pois essas assumem um protagonismo na reivindicação de melhorias para suas comunidades e reinventam no seu cotidiano, estratégias de sobrevivência, mas também de mobilização política para pressionar gestores na busca de acesso aos seus direitos de cidadania.

PEÕES DO TRANSPORTE E DO TRECHO: mobilidade do trabalho em BarcarenaResumo: Este texto aborda a mobilidade do trabalho sob a lógica da superexploração do trabalho no contexto do (neo) desenvolvimentismo. Visa analisar a des-re-territorialização de trabalhadores provocada por processos pertinentes ao avanço capitalista na Amazônia. Tem por base um estudo sobre transformações sociais e mobilidade do trabalho e denominado de desenvolvimento regional. Palavras-chave: Trabalho, migração, Amazônia, Barcarena. PEONS OF TRANSPORT AND OF STRETCH: labor mobility in BarcarenaAbstract: This paper addresses labor mobility within the logic of super exploitation of the labor in the context of (neo) developmentalism. It aims to analyze the de-re-territorialization of workers by processes of the capitalist advance in the Amazon. Based on a study on social change and labor mobility, empirical research was carried out in the municipality of Barcarena of the state of Pará where the installation of factories and ports transformed the lives of the local community. Concludes that a large number of workers was inserted into the capitalist labor market and transformed into peons of transport and of stretch to ensure their super exploitation. The localities involved became territories of exploitation and transit without any local process that could be called regional development.

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