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Pineapple pulp was homogenised at different pressures, and its stability investigated by way of flow curves, particle size distribution, morphology, cloudiness and sedimentation. The particle size of the homogenised pulp ranged from 400 to 100 lm for homogenisation pressures of between 0 and 700 bar. The pineapple pulp showed shear thinning behaviour with increasing flow index (n) after processing at higher pressures. In addition, the pulps with smaller particles showed less serum cloudiness, even though the sedimentation tests showed the highest stability for pulp homogenised between 200 and 300 bar. Above 400 bar, the pulp showed phase separation and higher sedimentation indexes, similar to that observed for the untreated samples, which was attributed to the formation of aggregates because of interparticle attraction.

Sweetpotato French fries (SPFF) are growing in popularity, however limited information is available on SPFF textural properties in relation to chemical composition. This study investigated the relationship between chemical components of different sweetpotato varieties and textural characteristics of SPFF. Sixteen sweetpotato genotypes were evaluated for (1) chemical constituents; (2) instrumental and sensory textural properties of SPFF; and (3) the relationship between chemical components, instrumental measurements, and sensory attributes. Dry matter (DM), alcohol-insoluble solids (AIS), starch, sugar, and oil content, and also α-and β-amylase activities were quantified in raw sweetpotatoes and SPFF. Peak force and overall hardness describing instrumental textural properties of SPFF were measured using a texture analyzer. Descriptive sensory analysis was conducted and 10 attributes were evaluated by a trained panel. Results showed that DM, AIS, and starch content in raw sweetpotatoes were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = 0.41 to 0.68), and with sensory surface roughness, hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.63 to 0.90). Total sugar content in raw sweetpotatoes was positively correlated with sensory smoothness and moistness (r = 0.77), and negatively correlated with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = -0.62 to -0.69). Instrumental measurements were positively correlated with sensory attributes of hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.68 to 0.96) and negatively correlated with oiliness, smoothness, moistness, and cohesiveness (r = -0.61 to -0.91). Therefore, DM, AIS, starch, and total sugar contents and instrumental measurements could be used as indicators to evaluate sweetpotato genotypes for SPFF processing.

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*A quem a correspondência deve ser enviada ResumoO comportamento reológico em estado estacionário e dinâmico da polpa de jabuticaba foi estudado em diferentes temperaturas (5,25, 45, 65 e 85 °C). As amostras foram submetidas a ensaios em estado estacionário (0 a 300 s -1 ) para o ajuste dos diferentes modelos de escoamento. O modelo de Herschel-Bulkley foi o que melhor se ajustou aos dados experimentais, no qual se observou a redução do índice de consistência (k) e um leve aumento do índice de comportamento de escoamento (n) com o aumento da temperatura. Ensaios oscilatórios, com valores de tensão dentro do intervalo linear, foram realizados para obtenção dos espectros mecânicos. As amostras analisadas a 5 °C apresentaram maior módulo de armazenamento (G'), indicando uma maior interação entre as partículas a esta temperatura, o que contribui para o fortalecimento da rede elástica. A polpa analisada a 45 °C não apresentou a mesma tendência que as outras temperaturas, o que pode ser um indício do início da estruturação da pectina natural presente na polpa. Palavras-chave: reologia; temperatura; viscoelasticidade; Myrciaria jaboticaba. AbstractThe steady state and dynamic rheological behavior of jaboticaba pulp was studied at different temperatures (5, 25, 45, 65 and 85 °C). Flow curves were obtained from 0 to 300 s -1 and the data were fitted to different models. The Herschel-Bulkley model showed the best fit (R 2 > 0.98) to the experimental data. Increasing the temperature caused a decrease in the consistency index (k) and a slight increase in the flow index (n). Oscillatory rheological measurements were taken in the viscoelastic region to obtain mechanical spectra. The storage modulus (G') of samples stored at 5 °C was much higher than that recorded at other temperatures, indicating more intense particle interactions at this temperature, which contributed to strengthen the elastic network. At 45 °C, the jaboticaba pulp showed a distinct behavior, possibly indicating the beginning of gelation of the pulp's natural pectin.

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The current worldwide energetic situation implies in researches about new resources and technologies capable of producing biofuels, such as the peanut processing residues. To design operations associated to bioethanol processing, understanding material properties, as density and rheology, is necessary. In this study, peanut shells were firstly chemically characterized, showing 37.1% cellulose, 33.4% hemicellulose and 15.0% lignin. Aqueous acid suspensions of powdered peanut shell were prepared and their physical properties were determined. Rheological parameters and density could be correlated with solid content and temperature by exponential and quadratic equations, respectively, while pH did not present significant effect on these parameters. Dilute suspensions showed Newtonian behavior, but at concentration above 8% (w/w) of solids, a non-Newtonian behavior was observed, showing yield stress and shear thinning. By evaluating the relative viscosity behavior with increasing solids concentration, Farris effect was also evidenced in suspensions above 8% of solids due to the presence of fine particles. Such result indicates the possibility of processing peanut shells for biofuel production in solids concentration higher than 10%, without a significant influence on viscosity.