This paper investigates distributed continuous-time fault estimation for multiple devices in the Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks by using a hybrid between cooperative control and state prediction techniques. First, a mode-dependent intermediate temperature matrix is designed, which constructs an intermediate estimator to estimate faulty temperature values obtained by the IoT network. Second, the continuous-time Markov chains transition matrix and output temperatures and the sufficient conditions of stability for auto-correct error of the IoT network temperatures are considered. Moreover, faulty devices are replaced by virtual devices to ensure continuous and robust monitoring of the IoT network, preventing in this way false data collection. Finally, the efficiency of the presented approach is verified with the results obtained in the conducted case study.INDEX TERMS Linear feedback control systems, data handling, algorithm design and analysis, predictive maintenance, nonlinear control systems, fault tolerant systems, IoT.

Context: Smart Energy is a disruptive concept that has led to the emergence of new energy policies, technology projects, and business models. The development of those models is driven by world capitals, companies, and universities. Their purpose is to make the electric power system more efficient through distributed energy generation/storage, smart meter installation, or reduction of consumption/implementation costs. This work approaches Smart Energy as a paradigm that is concerned with systemic strategies involving the implementation of innovative technological developments in energy systems. However, many of the challenges encountered under this paradigm are yet to be overcome, such as the effective integration of solutions within Smart Energy systems. Edge Computing is included in this new technology group. Objective: To investigate developments that involve the use of Edge Computing and that provide solutions to Smart Energy problems. The research work will be developed using the methodology of systematic mapping of literature, following the guidelines established by Kitchenham and Petersen that facilitate the identification of studies published on the subject. Results: Inclusion and exclusion criteria have been applied to identify the relevant articles. We selected 80 papers that were classified according to the type of publication (journal, conferences, or book chapter), type of research (conceptual, experience, or validation), type of activity (implement, validate, analyze) and asset (architecture, framework, method, or models). Conclusion: A complete review has been conducted of the 80 articles that were closely related to the questions posed in this research. To reach the goal of building Edge Computing architectures for Smart Energy environments, several lines of research have been defined. In the future, such architectures will overcome current problems, becoming highly energy-efficient, cost-effective, and capacitated to process and respond in real-time.Electronics 2020, 9, 48 2 of 33 Ledger Technologies (such as blockchain) [15]; or distributed sensing and actuation technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) [3,16].Regarding the Internet of Things (IoT), its recognition as a paradigm dates back to 2011-2012, when renowned companies and institutions such as Gartner, Forbes, or Wired started using this term to refer to the emerging technology [17]. The Internet of Things implies the connection of different heterogeneous objects, including buildings, machinery, vehicles, and electronic devices, such as sensors and actuators interconnected by means of communication protocols and forming wireless or wired networks [18] to collect information and extract knowledge [19]. Since then, the scope of IoT has spread throughout a great variety of environments and disciplines, including solutions for development of Smart Cities [20,21], Industry 4.0 [22][23][24], transportation and logistics [25,26], smart homes and hotels [13,27,28] or, more relevant to this research, energy efficiency [8,29,30]. IoT provid...

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A novel bio-inspired computational high-precision dental milling system is proposed in this interdisciplinar research. The system applies several bio-inspired models, based on unsupervised learning, that analyse and identify the most relevant features of high-precision dental-milling data sets and their internal structures. Finally, a supervised neural architecture and certain identification techniques are applied, in order to model and to optimize the high-precision process. This is done by empirically testing the model using a real data set taken from a dynamic high-precision machining centre with five axes.