Potencial insecticida de frutos de piñón manso en diferentes etapas de maduración sobre Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae
The objective of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal effect of aqueous extract of castor bean (Ricinus communis) cake for the control of Maconellicoccus hirsutus. The toxicity tests were performed in the laboratory. Subsequently lethal concentrations 50 and 90% (LC50and LC90, respectively) were estimated. Tween80® + distilled water was used as surfactants and solvent respectively. The assay was performed in petri dishes containing a Coffea canephora leaf disc. The spraying was carried out in Torre de Potter spray tower. The extract was toxic to mealybug and the mortality data was adapted to the probit model. Estimates of LC50 and LC90 were 5.32% and 29.30%, respectively. It was concluded that the aqueous extract of R. communis cake is promising for the management of M. hirsutus.
Maconellicoccus hirsutus (pink hibiscus mealybug) is a polyphagous pest species reported in about 350 species of host plants worldwide. The chemical control method is still the most used for the control of agricultural pests. In view of this, we aim to evaluate the potential of the concentration of oils extracted from the species Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Jatropha curcas (Jatropha) on M. hirsutus, aiming at a management alternative for the pest. The experiments were carried out in air-conditioned chambers at a temperature of 25 ± 1ºC, relative humidity of 70 ± 10% and a photophase of 12h. The concentration 3% (v v-1) (defined in preliminary dilution tests) was used in the tests, with 11 interaction ratios between the oils. Mortality was assessed daily up to 72 hours after spraying. The application was carried out in two ways: indirect - on the food and walking surface; and direct - about insects. The indirect application caused higher levels of mortality in relation to the direct application. However, there was no significant difference between the concentrations for the indirect application. In the form of direct application, the combination of 60:40% neem oil and jatropha oil was the treatment that provided the highest mortality of the M. hirsutus (86.21%). The combinations between neem and jatropha oils demonstrated the potential to control M. hirsutus in both routes of application, being an alternative for the management of this pest.
The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is one of the most important mite species in the world, this specie is related to attacking more than 250 crops of economic importance. This pest can occur year-round but grows best in warmer and drier times. This way, the objective of this work was to evaluate the acaricidal potential of the extract of the jatropha pie (Jatropha curcas L), in different concentrations, aiming for the pest management of T. urticae. The solutions were sprayed under sheets of Canavalia ensiformis, with the support of the Potter tower, consisting of direct application. In the indirect route of application, the leaf discs were immersed in the extract solution of the J. curcas, placed on a paper towel to dry, and subsequently, transferred to Petri dishes, with cotton moistened on the bottom and sides. Females of T. urticae were transferred to leaf discs. Ten replicates were used per treatment, evaluating the mortality as a function of post-spraying time. At all concentrations tested, the direct application treatment was superior to the indirect application, causing greater mortality of the two-spotted spider mite in laboratory conditions.
The pink mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a polyphagous pest species that has been reported in about 350 species of host plants worldwide. Usually, the use of synthetic chemicals is still the most used control method for the control of agricultural pests. The objective of this present work was to evaluate the potential of the interaction of oils extracted from the species Ricinus communis L. (castor) and Jatropha curcas L. (jatropha) (Euphorbiaceae) in the form of direct and indirect application on M. hirsutus. The experiments were conducted in air-conditioned chambers at a temperature of 25 ± 1ºC, relative humidity 70% ± 10 and a photophase of 12h. The 3% concentration was used in the tests, with 11 interaction ratios between the oils. Individuals' mortality was assessed at 24, 48 and 72 hours after spraying. The results of the interactions indicated up to 78% mortality of individuals in the ratio 90% castor + 10% jatropha via indirect application, while in the direct application on individuals they presented 53% mortality in the ratio 40% castor + 60% jatropha. The interactions between castor and jatropha oils have demonstrated potential in the management of pink mealybug by direct or indirect application.
Raoiella indica Hirst, 1924 (Prostigmata: Tenuipalpidae), is one of the main pest mites of palm and banana trees, causing significant damage in producing regions. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the acaricidal effect of soursop peel extract (Annona muricata L.) on R. indica adults. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design using soursop peel extract, with 7 replications and 12 individuals of R. indica per replication. The experimental units consisted of discs of coconut palm leaves (4 cm in diameter), with cotton moistened at the bottom of the Petri dish (10.0 x 1.2 cm) and around the disc to maintain turgor and prevent mites from escaping. The application was carried out using an airbrush, connected to a calibrated compressor with a constant pressure of 1.3 psi and 1 mL of solution per plate. The acaricidal effect was evaluated 24, 48, and 72 hours after spraying. Mortality data were corrected and subsequently submitted to probit analysis (p≤0.05) using the statistical program R, with the LC50 and LC90 of the extract being calculated. The soursop peel extract at the maximum concentration used (15%) showed mortality of 80% of individuals of R. indica. The LC50 was 1.934%. It was concluded that extracts from soursop peel have acaricidal potential on R. indica in the laboratory.
The aim of this work was to study the effect of the interaction between castor bean oil (Ricinus communis) and jatropha oil (Jatropha curcas) on the aphid, Myzus persicae. The experiment was realized at the Institute Federal of Espírito Santo in Brazil. Tests were conducted in a completely randomized design, with 11 treatments and 10 repetitions, arranged in a factorial arrangement of 11 (interactions between oils) x 2 (application forms). The concentration used in this test was 3 %. Treatment interaction ratios were 0-100; 10-90; 20-80; 30 -70; 40-60; 50-50; 60-40; 70-30; 80-20; 90-10; 100-0 % jatropha and castor bean oil, respectively. Tests of direct and indirect application were performed. The evaluations were performed 24, 48, and 72 hours after the applications. For both forms of application, there were significant mortalities. Mortalities greater than 70 % were observed when the interaction contained more significant amounts of jatropha than castor bean. However, a negative interaction was observed between concentrations with similar proportions. In conclusion, for both application forms, the interaction between jatropha and castor bean oils effectively reduce the population of M. persicae.
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