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PurposeTo identify which independent variable would be strong predictor of febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) in children and adolescents with overactive bladder.Materials and MethodsA search was made of the institute's database for all patients diagnosed with overactive bladder over the preceding four years. Children and adolescents under 18 years of age with overactive bladder and no neurological or anatomical alterations of the lower urinary tract were included in the study. The independent variables were: sex, age, ethnicity (Brazilians of African descendence/others), the presence of urinary urgency, daytime incontinence, enuresis, frequent urination, infrequent voiding (≤3 voids/day), nocturia, holding maneuvers, straining to void, intermittent urinary flow, constipation and encopresis. An analysis was conducted to identify patients with febrile UTI and subsequently determine predictors of this condition. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsOverall, 326 patients (214 girls/112 boys) were evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 7.7±3.19 years (± standard deviation). The incidence of febrile UTI was 39.2%. Being female and infrequent voiding were factors significantly associated with febrile UTI, both in the univariate and multivariate analyses.ConclusionsThese results show that being female and infrequent voiding constituted significant risk factors for a diagnosis of febrile UTI in these children.

Aim The functional constipation (FC) is a source of an expressive suffering in children, negatively affecting their emotional, social, and physical well‐being. The objective of this study is to describe the clinical and behavioural characteristics of children/adolescents with FC. Methods A cross‐sectional, observational, analytical study was conducted in public places by interviewing parents of children/adolescents about their child's bowel habits and psychological profile. Bowel symptoms were investigated using the Rome IV criteria. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to evaluate the emotional and behavioural problems. Results Of 799 children/adolescents included, 424 (53.1%) were female. Mean age was 9.1 ± 2.7 years. FC prevalence was 20.4%. The most common symptoms in Rome IV criteria were ‘painful or hard bowel movements’ (n = 110; 67.5%; 95% confidence interval: 60.0–74.3) and ‘retentive posturing or excessive volitional stool retention’ (n = 89; 54.6%; 95% confidence interval: 46.9–62.1). Median scores for internalising symptoms (7; interquartile range (IQR): 4–9 vs. 5; IQR: 2–7; P < 0.001) and externalising symptoms (7; IQR 4–11 vs. 6; IQR 3–9; P < 0.001) were higher in constipated children compared to non‐constipated participants, respectively. The SDQ domains that were associated with FC were emotional symptoms (median 4, P < 0.001) and conduct problems (median 3, P < 0.001). No association was found between faecal incontinence and median scores for the internalising/externalising symptoms. All Rome IV criteria were associated with abnormal overall SDQ scores. Conclusion Children and adolescents with FC had more emotional and behavioural problems irrespective of whether faecal incontinence was present or not, with higher scores for internalising and externalising symptoms compared to non‐constipated children.

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