Several experiments have been carried out in order to find molecular markers that increase the diagnose accuracy of the Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA), especially for thyroid lesions of undetermined significance. The growing number of published experiments on one or more of the different types of markers has started to justify the need to gather the pieces of information as a way to add evidence and guide the development of future research in the area. From the search arguments and criteria previously defined, 95 articles were selected from the electronic databases PUBMED, MEDLINE, SCOPUS and LILACS. From the 36 markers submitted to analysis and identified in preoperative FNA thyroid samples, only 10 (GAL3, CK-19, HBME-1, TPO, CD44, Telomerase, DAP IV, RAS, RET and BRAF) were assessed in more than two investigations, be it either in panel or individually. The minimum, medium and maximum values of sensibility, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnose accuracy were obtained from the group of investigation, as well as the limitations and advantages of the use of each marker were identified. The BRAF mutation, for its unquestionable specificity, and the GAL3, for its regularity of average results obtained here, found in several locations in the cell as well as out of the cell, suggesting multiple functions of this molecule, were observed as holders of more expressive evidence in the effort of reducing the uncertainty of the diagnose in preoperative FNA of thyroid.
Abstractß S -Globin haplotypes were studied in 80 (160 ß S chromosomes) sickle cell disease patients from Salvador, Brazil, a city with a large population of African origin resulting from the slave trade from Western Africa, mainly from the Bay of Benin. Hematological and hemoglobin analyses were carried out by standard methods. The ß S -haplotypes were determined by PCR and dot-blot techniques.
RESUMOForam estudadas a prevalência de tireopatias e as características clíni-co-laboratoriais de 210 habitantes do município de Cabaceiras, Paraí-ba, classificados em: 1) grupo de estudo (n=122), pacientes da área rural, com queixas e/ou quadro clínico de doença tireoideana; 2) grupo exploratório (n=88), voluntários da área urbana, sem queixas. A investigação constou de exame clínico, dosagens hormonais (TSH, T 3 , T 4 livre), pesquisa de anticorpo anti-microssomal (AAM) e ultra-sonografia da tireóide. Na população estudada, 79% (n=166) era do gênero feminino e com média de idade de 31,3±20,1 anos . No grupo 1, as prevalências de hipotireoidismo (12,3%) e hipertireoidismo (7,3%) foram similares às encontradas no grupo 2 (15,9% e 4,5%, respectivamente). A positividade isolada do AAM foi detectada em 20% (43/210); desses, 26 eram da área urbana. 42% dos pacientes da área rural apresentaram alterações tireoideanas à USG, com predomínio de bócio difuso atóxico (30,7%). Em conclusão, a prevalência de portadores de tireopatias no município é alta, mesmo entre voluntários sem queixas. Diversos fatores de origem genética e/ou ambiental podem estar envolvidos, justificando a realização de estudos futuros, inclusive aqueles associados à iodúria. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and the clinical and laboratory data of 210 patients coming from the municipality of Cabaceiras, Paraí-ba, were studied. They were classified in two groups: 1 (n=122), patients from the rural area with uninvestigated thyroid complaints, and 2 (n= 88) apparently healthy volunteers from the urban area. The study included clinical examination, hormonal evaluation (TSH, T 3 , FT 4 ), determination of anti-microssomal antibodies (AAM), and ultrasonography (US) of the thyroid gland (not performed in volunteers). The majority of the population (79%; n=166) was female, and the mean age was 31.3±20.1 years (3-85). In group 1, prevalences of hypothyroidism (12.3%) and hyperthyroidism (7.3%) were similar to those found in group 2 (respectively, 15.9% and 4.5%). The prevalence of isolated positive AAM was 20% (43/210); among them, 26 were from the urban area. US abnormalities were observed in 42% (49/117) of those living in the rural area, non-toxic goiter being predominant (30.7%). In conclusion, the frequency of thyroid dysfunctions in this community is elevated; genetic and environmental factors are possibly involved in its genesis, justifying future studies, including the evaluation of urinary iodine.
Numerous experiments have been conducted over the last few years aiming to identify molecular markers that show the diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration (FNA), particularly in thyroid lesions that are considered indeterminate. Using certain search arguments and previously defined criteria, 37 studies reporting experiments with the BRAF mutation in pre-operative FNA of the thyroid were selected from the electronic databases PUBMED, MEDLINE, SCOPUS and LILACS, in order to gather evidence with regard to the possible contribution of BRAF in the management of thyroid carcinoma. There were no cases positive for BRAF in follicular carcinomas (FTCs), Hürthle cell carcinomas (HCCs) or medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTCs). Among the 11 cases of anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATC), three showed positive results for the BRAF mutation. The number of cases positive for BRAF among the benign lesions was not significant. The average prevalence of BRAF-positive cases in papillary carcinomas (PTC) was 58.6%, while in follicular variants of papillary carcinoma (FVPTC), the average prevalence was 29.6%. For lesions diagnosed as indeterminate or suspicious, the average prevalence of BRAF positivity in PTC was 48.5%. The experiments included in the present study indicated a specificity of almost 100% and a high predominance of the BRAF mutation in PTC, distinguishing the marker in the planning and medical management of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid.
Sendo um dos mais antigos programas públicos de complementação alimentar, o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) desfruta de propostas como a suplementação das necessidades diárias dos escolares matriculados, com o objetivo de garantir a Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN) e colaborar para a formação de bons hábitos alimentares. A obesidade e/ou sobrepeso associam-se com a quantidade e a qualidade da ingestão alimentar de crianças, fase essa onde a mesma não é totalmente independente e não tem autonomia em suas escolhas, incluindo as suas preferências. O estudo tem o objetivo de realizar e analisar antropometria para identificar agravos à saúde relacionados com a alimentação das crianças. A mesma pesquisa também objetivou identificar as porcentagens de aceitação dos cardápios, com o intuito de reconhecer prováveis inadequações sensoriais nas refeições oferecidas. Os resultados obtidos retrataram características da transição nutricional, que é marcada pelo aumento do indicador de sobrepeso/obesidade, tornando-se necessário atentar para o fato de que, mesmo que as porcentagens de eutrofia tenham se sobressaído em comparação as outras classificações, não deve ser descartada a presença de crianças abaixo ou acima do peso e/ou altura recomendados. A avaliação sensorial mostrou que a preparação não foi bem aceita obtendo nível médio de adesão e da mesma forma na creche não constatou-se boa aceitabilidade em função das características bem marcantes do prato servido, sendo uma delas o próprio sabor do ingrediente principal da refeição. Conclui-se então que os escolares necessitam de ações voltadas a educação nutricional e o cardápio servido deve ser repensado.
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