A randomized prospective double blind study of the analgesic effect of 75 mg intramuscular diclofenac sodium (Voltaren), a potent prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, versus placebo (saline solution) was carried out in 131 consecutive patients with acute ureteral colic. Diclofenac provided complete relief of pain 25 minutes after the injection in 59% of the cases, while placebo provided relief in 29% (p less than 0.01). Forty patients in the placebo group and seventeen patients in the diclofenac group needed an open injection of 75 mg diclofenac intramuscularly after 25 minutes due to persistent pain. Fifty-four of the fifty-seven patients treated with an open injection of diclofenac achieved complete relief of pain after 30 minutes. There were no side-effects of the treatment.
Ana Agostino and Rosa Lizarde explore the concept of climate justice as a rights approach to climate change. They propose that those in the South who are most affected by environmental changes need to receive justice from those in the North who are most responsible for climate change. They apply a gender lens to climate change, analyzing how women have been specifically hit by the phenomenon and how they are responding.
Ana Agostino brings out the context in which the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have been set. She reviews the critical discourse on development, the concerns around environment and gender, which she feels have not been covered by the MDG process. She looks to alternatives that could contribute to the establishment of ‘Millennium Goals’ for all, which respond to the particularities and specificities of diverse cultures and which imply changes not just for the countries seen as ‘underdeveloped’ but for humanity as a whole. Development (2008) 51, 228–235. doi:10.1057/dev.2008.8
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