Following media exposure on the issue of seafood mislabeling in Ireland, results of repeated forensic testing of cod product labeling suggest that media attention played an important role in determining significant improvements in the supermarket retail sector, but had no detectable effect on "take-away" food services. Differences in the chains of production and in compliance requirements to European labeling laws may explain the divergent responses of the two sectors. The findings from this study indicate that it may be possible for mass media to occupy an influential role in fisheries and environmental management and policy, provided that (i) primary research findings are correctly reported by popular media and (ii) governmental agencies follow up the shortterm reaction to media exposure with appropriate enforcement measures.

Extended x-ray-absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements and computer modeling techniques have been used to study defective clustering in 10 mol% CaF2:Er'+. The EXAFS spectra were recorded in the temperature range 298 -1070 K and show that there is no major change, as the temperature is increased, in the structure of the hexameric 6~0~8~6, cluster [P. J. Bendall et al. , J.Solid State Chem 51, 159 {1984)]which has been previously identified in CaF2.Er +. The computer simulation calculations have been extended to evaluate the dipole moments of the clusters suggested previously and to study a number of other clusters which have been suggested as being responsible for the observed dielectric relaxation and electronic spectra. The new data presented here are discussed in conjunction with the other available experimental evidence and a mechanism is suggested for the generation of the additional mobile species necessary to explain the high-temperature conductance.

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