This investigation evaluated the effects of a hierarchical intervention that consisted of picture cues and correspondence training procedures to increase engagement of 4 young children with significant developmental delays during classroom free play sessions. Up to three levels of intervention were introduced with each child, with more intrusive levels being used only when less intrusive levels had failed to impact behavior. A multiple-probe design across children was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. Results of the study were mixed, with 2 children requiring less intrusive levels of intervention and 2 children requiring the entire intervention package in order to reach criterion.
This study used a within-participant design to evaluate the concurrent validity and test–retest reliability of the Violent Ideations Scale in a general population, English-speaking opportunistic sample. Data from 116 adult participants ( M age = 33.7, SD = 11.9, male = 30 [25.9%]) were used to compare scores on the Violent Ideations Scale and Aggression Questionnaire and responses to the Schedule of Imagined Violence. A subgroup of 27 participants ( M age = 37.2, SD = 13.6, male = 8 [29.6%]) completed the Violent Ideations Scale on a second occasion, 2 weeks later. The Violent Ideations Scale was found to correlate significantly with the Aggression Questionnaire subscale and total scores, with the strongest correlations being with physical aggression and total scores. Participants were more likely to be categorized as having experienced a violent ideation based on responses to the Violent Ideation Scale, compared with the Schedule of Imagined Violence, most likely due to the Schedule of Imagined Violence underestimating the prevalence of violent ideation. A significant, strong correlation was found between total Violent Ideations Scale scores at Time 1 and Time 2. Overall, the Violent Ideations Scale was found to have concurrent validity when compared with the Aggression Questionnaire and good test–retest reliability, suggesting that it would be suitable for use with a nonclinical, English-speaking sample.
This article employs data gathered in Lebanon, Northern Ireland and South Africa as part of a project entitled 'Re-Imagining Women's Security and Participation in Post-Confl ict Societies'. It refl ects on three different 'imaginings' of security -the state security discourse, the human security discourse and a gendered security approach -with the aim of showing that security discourses are currently undergoing a process of transition which parallels that taking place in post-confl ict societies around the world. The article is particularly concerned to explore how a gendered security approach might empower women to re-imagine security in contextualised, bottom-up ways, and advocate social transformation within the broader processes of post-confl ict transition. In order to consider women's demands for security policies and approaches in the twenty-fi rst century, the article explores the direct testimony of women in three post-confl ict societies, with specifi c reference to three key areas of security central to women's re-imaginings of the concept.
Solar Radiation Management (srm) geoengineering poses a significant risk of transboundary and global atmospheric harm. How might international law regulate the future use of srm? We explore how the ‘no-harm rule’ from customary international law might contribute to the international governance of future attempts at srm. The no-harm rule imposes a legal duty on states to prevent significant damage across borders and in the global commons. Existing geoengineering literature assumes that, as the international law system lacks a mandatory enforcement mechanism, the no-harm rule will play little or no role in the governance of srm. We challenge this assumption by focusing on the possibilities of compliance with the no-harm rule through bolstering its legitimacy and sense of legal obligation. We explain how Brunnée and Toope’s theory of ‘interactional international law’ might provide a useful lens for developing the no-harm rule in this way to independently respond to the risks posed by srm.
Summary Although we commonly work with patients with emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD) in community mental health teams (CMHTs), only some enter evidence-based psychological therapies. Many patients are not considered ready to engage in specialist treatments and remain in CMHTs without any clear focus or structure to their treatment, which is unsatisfactory for patients, clinicians and services. We present a fictional case and synthesise available literature and lived experience to explore readiness and ways to promote it. We highlight relevant issues for trainees to consider in practice. Patients with EUPD who have not received specialist treatment can be considered in terms of the transtheoretical model's stages of change. Identifying a patient's stage can help guide how to increase readiness for referral and decide when to refer. Interventions available to all healthcare professionals which may promote readiness include: psychoeducation, personal formulations, crisis planning, goal-setting, peer support, distress tolerance skills, motivational interviewing and mindfulness.
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