The results of this study confirm a body of literature that supports the effectiveness of case management in improving linkage with treatment. The role of motivational interviewing in improving linkage was not supported. Results are discussed in the context of other case management and motivational interviewing linkage studies.
Mock jurors' use of probabilistic evidence was examined in a fractional factorial design manipulating 7variables: strength of nonstatistical evidence; quantification of nonstatistical evidence; strength of statistical evidence; combination of 2 pieces of statistical evidence; instruction in use of Bayes" theorem; and presentation of fallacies (both prosecutor's and defense attorney's) concerning use of statistical evidence. One hundred eighty-nine subjects viewed 1 of 16 videotapes presenting a condensed mock trial. Subjects completed dependent measures after each of 4 witnesses and at the end of trial. The strength of both nonstatistical and probabilistic evidence affected verdicts; the other manipulations did not. Overall, subjects slightly underused the probabilistic evidence, as compared to their individualized Bayesian norms, and subjects did not succumb to fallacies. However, subjects greatly varied in over-or underutilization, even after Bayesian instruction. Future research should examine use of weak nonstatistical evidence, and should test different probabilistic instructions.Probabilistic scientific evidence is increasingly common in American courtrooms. Blood type, fiber, DNA, fingerprint, and hair sample evidence--each draws upon statistical data and probabilistic calculations. Although use of some of these forms of evidence remains controversial--for example, the use of DNA tests (National Research Council, 1992)--in many contexts, courts readily admit probabilities associated with that evidence: 9In criminal trials, however, courts are more reluctant to admit probabilistic calculations intended to identify the defendant as the wrongdoer (Strong, w 1992). That concern is visible at three levels. At the first level, a court must decide whether to admit into evidence probabilities or population frequencies associated with individual tests. The court must decide whether a witness may testify that the defendant and the perpetrator share a blood type found in 20% of the population. In some cases more than one test, with an associated probability, will be presented. At the second level, therefore, courts must determine whether to allow presentation 1University of Minnesota. 2University of Nebraska.
The recognition that sexual desire is associated with relationship quality and other important interpersonal experiences has led to a corresponding interest in identifying the correlates and causes of this aspect of human sexual response. Most researchers have focused on intraindividual factors, including hormonal processes. The present review explores the relationship between one hormonally mediated female life event -pregnancy -and sexual desire. Sexual desire is defined and distinguished from other sexual experiences (e.g., arousal, activity), and its common operationalizations are discussed. Next, the hormonal changes that characterize each trimester of pregnancy are considered. Empirical research conducted to determine whether these hormonal changes correspond to alterations in the experience of desire is then reviewed. It is concluded that the hormonal fluctuations that occur during pregnancy are reliably associated with progressive decreases in feelings of sexual desire in the majority of women.A growing body of evidence indicates that sexual desire -the motivational component of sexual response -is related to several significant human life events. For example, feelings of sexual attraction prompt men and women to SOCIAL Appreciation is due to anonymous reviewers.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between parenting styles and college academic achievement. An ethnically diverse group of college students reported their GPA and responded to the Parenting Style Index. Parenting style scores were unrelated to college GPA. Additional analyses of ethnic groups indicated differences in maternal involvement and strictness and relationship of these variables to GPA.
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