ObjectivesYoung adults report disproportionality greater mental health problems compared with the rest of the population with numerous barriers preventing them from seeking help. Peer support, defined as a form of social-emotional support offered by an individual with a shared lived experience, has been reported as being effective in improving a variety of mental health outcomes in differing populations. The objective of this scoping review is to provide an overview of the literature investigating the impact of peer support on the mental health of young adults.DesignA scoping review methodology was used to identify relevant peer-reviewed articles in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines across six databases and Google/Google Scholar. Overall, 17 eligible studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review.ResultsOverall, studies suggest that peer support is associated with improvements in mental health including greater happiness, self-esteem and effective coping, and reductions in depression, loneliness and anxiety. This effect appears to be present among university students, non-student young adults and ethnic/sexual minorities. Both individual and group peer support appear to be beneficial for mental health with positive effects also being present for those providing the support.ConclusionsPeer support appears to be a promising avenue towards improving the mental health of young adults, with lower barriers to accessing these services when compared with traditional mental health services. The importance of training peer supporters and the differential impact of peer support based on the method of delivery should be investigated in future research.

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Objectives We aimed to compare the long‐term persistence between different tumor necrosis factor‐alpha inhibitors (TNFis) with immune‐mediated rheumatic diseases (IMRD). This study can potentially provide insights into the real‐world evidence regarding safety and effectiveness of TNFi treatment in a Chinese population. Methods We enrolled newly diagnosed IMRD patients in this active comparator, retrospective cohort study by using National Taiwan insurance claim datasets. The drug survivals of first‐line TNFi agents, including etanercept, golimumab, and adalimumab were compared. Propensity score matching was conducted to control the confounding effect from the observed covariates. The cumulative proportion of discontinuation was calculated over 5 years. The multiple‐variable regression and propensity score analysis was used for confounding adjustment. Results After propensity score matching, there were 2267 patients identified in each etanercept, golimumab, and adalimumab group. We observed the 5‐year cumulative proportion of discontinuation was 52.80%, 45.85%, and 56.86% in etanercept, golimumab, and adalimumab, respectively. Compared with golimumab, increase of 31% (95% CI: 20‐43) and 38% (95% CI: 26‐50) risk of discontinuation were observed in etanercept and adalimumab. The factors including female gender, increasing age, long hospital stays, without co‐medication with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs or methotrexate were associated were discontinuation of first‐line TNFi treatment. Conclusion Golimumab had better drug survival than etanercept or adalimumab over 5 years of observation in Asian IMRD patients. Gender, age, longer hospital stays, concomitant use of disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs were associated with survival with TNFis.

Patient and public involvement Patients and/or the public were not involved in the design, or conduct, or reporting, or dissemination plans of this research.

Projection neurons of the spinal cord dorsal horn which transmit pain, itch, and temperature information to the brain comprise the anterolateral system (AS). A recent molecular and genetic study showed that many developing AS neurons express the transcription factor Phox2a and provided insights into the mechanisms of their ontogeny and wiring of nociceptive neuronal circuits. Here, we show that the loss of the axonal guidance and neuronal migration signal netrin1 results in impaired migration of mouse Phox2a1 AS neurons into the spinal lamina I. Furthermore, we show that in the absence of Dab1, an intracellular transducer of the neuronal migration signal reelin, the migration of spinal lamina V and lateral spinal nucleus Phox2a1 AS neurons is impaired, in line with deficits in nociception seen in mice with a loss of reelin signaling. Together, these results provide evidence that netrin1 and reelin control the development of spinal nociceptive projection neurons, suggesting a mechanistic explanation for studies that link sequence variations in human genes encoding these neurodevelopmental signals and abnormal pain sensation.