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Approximately 10% of patients with chronic diarrhea carry a diagnosis of microscopic colitis. The endoscopic appearance of both collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis may be normal; however, biopsies confirm the diagnosis. Available treatments include antidiarrheals, bismuth salicylate, and budesonide. Although most patients with fecal diversion may have endoscopic evidence of colitis, a much smaller percentage of patients are symptomatic. Some cases of diversion colitis respond to treatment with shortchain fatty acid enemas; however, return of the fecal stream is the most successful therapy. A variety of oral, intravenous, and per rectum chemicals may cause colitis; symptoms usually abate when chemical exposure is discontinued. KEYWORDS: Collagenous colitis, lymphocytic colitis, microscopic colitis, diversion colitisObjectives: On completion of this article, the reader should be able to summarize the diagnostic work-up and available treatments for microscopic colitis. The reader will also be familiarized with diversion colitis and chemically induced colitis.