This study examined the effect of gender socialization on kindergarten grades using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort. The sample consisted of 6,394 children (3,177 girls; 3,217 boys) from across the United States. MANOVA and follow-up tests revealed that both boys and girls tend to participate in gender-typed activities. Girls are more likely to have positive school attitudes and exhibit positive social behavior; boys are more likely to have negative school attitudes. Regression analyses indicated that participation in "female" activities and positive social behavior positively affect grades; participation in "male" activities has no direct effect. Positive attitudes positively affect the grades of girls; negative attitudes negatively affect the grades of boys. Teacher evaluation practices are also considered.
Threats to academic freedom are not new. Scholars who wrote about academic freedom decades ago were hinting at some of the same issues that we face today. However, as time passes, the threats seem to grow stronger (largely as a consequence of the increasing corporatization of higher education). While some threats are overt, and tend to flare up at particular points in time, others are of a more covert nature that slowly erode the foundations of academic freedom. This address focuses on a number of these threats (neoliberalism, contingency, political intolerance, etc.) and their relationship to sociology.
Since its founding in 1929, the Pacific Sociological Association (PSA) has undergone a variety of changes as it has adapted to shifts in society, developments in the discipline, and an increasingly diverse membership. The panelists in this session highlighted several ways in which the PSA has evolved over time and discussed a number of attempts to address the challenges facing millennials and millennial sociologists (the theme of the 90th Annual Meeting). Suggestions regarding ways in which the PSA can continue to offer support to this generation in the future were also discussed.
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