The classical heterocoupling of a 1-haloalkyne with a terminal alkyne catalyzed by copper salts in the presence of a base for the synthesis of unsymmetrical diynes is termed the Cadiot-Chodkiewicz coupling reaction. The diynes are of great importance due to their biological, optical and electronic properties. A number of modifications have been developed recently to improve the efficiency of Cadiot-Chodkiewicz coupling reactions in terms of selectivity and yield. This is the first review on the Cadiot-Chodkiewicz cross-coupling reaction which highlights the modern approaches and protocols developed for the synthesis and applications of unsymmetrical 1,3-diynes.

The first Zn-catalyzed protocol for C–S cross-coupling reactions for the synthesis of substituted aryl and alkyl sulfides with good yields under mild reaction conditions is described.

gem-Dihalocyclopropanes have wide-spread applications in organic synthesis due to their versatile chemistry. They can serve as substrates for a large range of useful materials such as natural products, alkaloids, cyclopropanes, heterocycles, aromatic ring systems etc. Normally the dihalocyclopropanes are prepared by the addition of dihalocarbene to alkene, but due to the great synthetic efficacy of gem-dihalocyclopropanes a number of methods have been developed for their synthesis. Generally gem-dihalocyclopropanes exist as strained cyclic systems with astonishing kinetic stability. They are capable of undergoing transformations leading to a variety of products which have potential applications in various synthetic organic chemistry fields.

Copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions offer a powerful tool for the formation of carbonheteroatom bonds. Copper catalysis has an indisputable advantage over the other catalytic systems due to its low cost and the use of readily accessible and stable ligands. Among the various copper-catalyzed coupling reactions, C-S bond forming reactions have gained much attention due to its applications in the synthesis of molecules having biological and pharmaceutical impact. This review illustrates the current strategies and applications of Cucatalyzed C-S cross coupling reactions.

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Enantioselective zinc-catalyzed aldol reactions provide an efficient route for the construction of a wide range of carbon–carbon bond-formation, which are described here.

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