In the search of novel antiparasitic agents with an objective to protect the humans from parasitic infections, literature survey related to naphthoquinones possessing antiparasitic activity was carried out. Among naphthoquinones, plumbagin is one of the secondary metabolites exhibiting multiple biological properties including antibacterial, antimalarial, anti‑inflammatory, insecticidal and antiparasitic activities. Plumbagin is reported to have anti-schistosomiasis, anti-haemonchosis, anti-fascioliasis, anti-otoacariasis, anti-leishmaniasis, antimalaria, antiallergic and anthelmintic activity. Various methods of extraction of plumbagin from different biological source and its effectiveness against different parasites along with structure activity relationship of plumbagin reported in past by researchers were reviewed. Structural elucidation of plumbagin confirming various functional moieties naphthoquinone characterized by spectroscopic techniques was studied and compiled in present review. In this review, we present also an overview of the antimicrobial properties of plumbagin and seems to have a broad antimicrobial action against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The present review highlights the antiparasitic potential of plumbagin along with its structural elucidation, so that it could be extremely useful for the development of novel antiparasitic.
The prevalence of plant-based medicine has risen worldwide, not only as part of conventional treatment but also for health care management. The authenticity and quality of herbal medicines impact these medications' safety and effectiveness in clinical treatment. So, it is necessary to identify the chemical composition and quality of pharmacologically active ingredients in the plants as there is no pertinent data regarding the exact dose of the Herbal based medicine. Similarly, in the Indian system of Medicine (ISM) based products, may vary in composition and properties, and increasing reports of adverse reactions has drawn the attention of many regulatory agencies for the quality evaluation of traditional formulations. Moreover, ISM's quality control has always been an important domain, and its current quality standards have complex effect to assure clinical efficacy. The Quality marker (Q-marker) technique is a new approach in Chinese traditional medicines to enhance and empower the Chinese herbal drugs by focusing on each step of the plant processings from its growing phases to the marketed product formulation. The present review highlights the application of Q-marker, and its tools for the establishment of quality standards of herbal drugs. Besides, this work also highlighted complies few Q-marker-based traditional Chinese medicines case studies. We except that it would benefit the manufacturing process control and quality management of the Indian system of medicine. This new horizon complied work could provide a new direction of Q-marker in the Indian system of medicine, along with its tools that could contribute to the modernization and globalization of the Indian system of Medicine.
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