The goal of this review is to discuss many aspects of cholesterol homeostasis in the body in order to presents the standards of cholesterol disposition and its levels, especially when several means might change the features of cholesterol synthesis and absorption and interrupt this equilibrium. With the detection of pathways of cholesterol absorption and the discovery of different compounds that amend cholesterol absorption, there is a series of cholesterol lowering drugs, which may decrease the level of serum cholesterol by altering its absorption. It is recognized that the effects of cholesterol lowering drugs as well as genetics of a person, loss of body weight, enzymes and proteins may increase the cholesterol altering effect, but the impact of these agents on the mechanism of cholesterol homeostasis are poorly understood. The disturbance of cholesterol homeostasis is also related with vascular changes associated with cardiac and kidney problems. Besides using different drugs and other means (plant sterol, enzyme, protein etc.), there is a need to improve the dietary pattern and life style. These may help to improve the cholesterol homeostasis.
To compare the measured glomerular filtration rate (rGFR) using [99mTc] diethylene triamine pentacetic acid (DTPA) clearance or estimated GFR (eGFR) by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation in cancer patients with raised serum creatinine level, we studied 100 cancer patients; 50 patients with normal serum creatinine (control group) and 50 patients with abnormal serum creatinine (study group). History of patients, including site of cancer, chemotherapy regime and dose of chemotherapy, was recorded. The rGFR and eGFR were increased in the study group as compared with the control group, but the GFR recorded by the MDRD formula or DTPA revealed similar values. It is therefore concluded that the MDRD equation may be recommended for eGFR estimation even with abnormal creatinine, without the need for exposure to radiation.
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